ZASILNA IN ZAČASNA NASTANITEV LJUDI PO POTRESU: PRIMER L'AQUILE
Povzetek
Po potresu leta 2009 v L’Aquili, ki je prizadel več kot 65.000 ljudi, so italijanske oblasti izjemno hitro vzpostavile zasilno in nato še začasno nastanitev. Najprej so prebivalce namestili v šotorska naselja in hotele, nato pa v nekaj mesecih zgradili začasna stanovanja v okviru projektov M.A.P. (z 2262 montažnimi enotami) in C.A.S.E. (s 185 večstanovanjskimi stavbami s skupno 4450 stanovanji). Vendar načini nastanitve niso v celoti upoštevali resničnih potreb prebivalcev, kar je negativno vplivalo na njihovo psihološko počutje in razgradilo socialne vezi. K temu so prispevali predvsem oddaljenost od mestnega jedra in pomanjkanje družbene infrastrukture. Centraliziran državni pristop k izvedbi nastanitve je sicer omogočil njeno hitro vzpostavitev, a je zanemaril vključenost prebivalcev in organov lokalnih skupnosti v odločanje. Primer L’Aquile poudarja pomen celostnega pristopa k nastanitvi po nesrečah, ki ga je treba pripraviti že vnaprej ter pri njegovi zasnovi in izvedbi upoštevati tehnične, organizacijske, socialne, psihološke, urbanistične in politične dejavnike, ki bodo skupaj zagotovili ne le streho nad glavo, temveč tudi dostopnost javnih storitev, vključenost prebivalcev in lokalnih skupnosti v procese odločanja, socialno kohezivnost, občutek obvladovanja svojega življenja in zaupanje v prihodnost.
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