EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORS – OVERVIEW OF OBSERVATIONS AND EXPLANATORY MODELS
Abstract
Although short-term prediction of earthquakes is not possible and most likely will not be possible for quite some time, earthquake precursors are intensively studied across the whole world. The most important precursors which fulfil the criteria of credible observations and existence of explanatory models are changes in electric and magnetic fields, gas emissions, groundwater level changes, temperature changes, surface deformations and anomalous seismicity. The largest amount of data is available for gas emissions (especially changes in concentration of radon), following the anomalies in electric and magnetic fields, and groundwater level changes. In this article an overview of published observations is given as well as anomalies on the magnitude of the earthquakes, epicentral distance and their time course. For each phenomenon, physical or chemical models are given.
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