A SURVEY OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE 1998 AND 2004 EARTHQUAKES IN THE UPPER SOČA VALLEY
Abstract
The April 12, 1998 earthquake in the Soča Valley, Slovenia, had a magnitude of 5.6. It caused significant damage to the natural environment (rock falls, rock slides) as well as to older buildings. The maximum intensity of the earthquake was estimated at VII–VIII EMS. Older buildings made of worked and unworked stone with poor mortar, and with wooden floors, suffered the most damage. 3,395 buildings were inspected after the earthquake and 2,928 of them were damaged. Although the Friulian (Italy) earthquake in 1976 (magnitude 6.4) caused a lot of damage in this area, repairs and strengthening of older buildings were often poorly done or not carried out at all. There was another earthquake in the Soča Valley on July 12, 2004. It had a magnitude of 4.9. The maximum intensity was VI–VII EMS. After this earthquake, 1,860 buildings were inspected and 1,764 had suffered various levels of damage. Although 10 times less energy was released in this earthquake, some buildings strengthened and retrofitted after the 1998 earthquake were also damaged.
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