Spremembe dolžine vegetacijske dobe in vsote biotemperatur med obdobjema 1961−1990 in 1991−2020 po podnebnih tipih Slovenije

Abstract

Povprečna temperatura zraka se je v zadnjem šestdesetletnem klimatološkem obdobju zvišala na celotnem območju Slovenije, kar nedvomno vpliva tudi na podaljšanje vegetacijske dobe. V prispevku predstavljamo rezultate primerjave trajanja vegetacijske dobe in vsote biotemperatur med obdobjema 1961−1990 in 1991−2020 po podnebnih tipih Slovenije. Vegetacijska doba za temperaturni prag 5 °C se je v drugem obdobju v povprečju podaljšala za 17 dni, se začela 11 dni prej in zaključila 8 dni kasneje, za temperaturni prag 10 °C pa se je podaljšala za 13 dni ter se začela 8 dni prej in zaključila 6 dni kasneje. Največje spremembe so pri meteoroloških postajah znotraj zelo vlažnega podgorskega podnebja in podnebja nižjega gorskega sveta, najmanjše pa v zmerno celinskem podnebju osrednje Slovenije. Vsota biotemperatur za temperaturni prag 5 °C se je v povprečju povečala za 14% in za temperaturni prag 10 °C za 17 %, najbolj v gorskem podnebju nižjega gorskega sveta in najmanj v obalnem zmernem sredozemskem podnebju.

Changes in the length of the growing season and the sum of active temperatures in Slovenia’s climate types between the periods 1961–1990 and 1991–2020

The average air temperature has increased during the last sixty-year climatological period in the entire territory of Slovenia, which indicates a probable lengthening of the vegetation period. This article presents the results of a comparison of the duration of the growing season in the climatic subtypes of Slovenia for the period 1961–2020. In the period 1991–2020, the growing season extended by an average of 17 days for the temperature threshold of 5 °C compared to the period 1961–1990, starting on average 11 days earlier and ending 8 days later. For the temperature threshold of 10 °C, it was extended by an average of 13 days, starting 8 days earlier and ending 6 days later. The greatest differences were observed at meteorological stations within the very humid and humid submontane climate and the mountain climate of the lower mountain regions, while the smallest differences were recorded at locations with a moderate continental climate of central Slovenia. The sum of biotemperatures (active temperatures) increased on average the most by 14% for the 5 °C threshold and by 17% for the 10 °C threshold, with the largest increases in the mountain climate of the lower mountain regions, and the smallest in the costal moderate Mediterranean climate.