Vrednotenje nekdanje in sedanje proizvodnje nevarnih odpadkov v Ljubljani z vidika obremenjevanja podtalnice // Evaluating former and current production of hazardous waste in Ljubljana from the perspective of threats to groundwater

Abstract

Na osrednjem območju Ljubljane, ki je danes skoraj v celoti vodovarstveno območje pitnih virov, je v osemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja delovalo vsaj 170 obratov, ki so proizvajali ali skladiščili okolju nevarne snovi. To so bili predvsem obrati strojne in kovinske dejavnosti (predelava kovin, galvane, lakirnice, izdelava strojev, servisi strojne opreme in vozil), živilske (pivovarne, mlekarne), kemične (proizvodnja zdravil, barv, obrati za kemično čiščenje, proizvodnja in skladiščenje kemikalij) ter ostalih dejavnosti (tekstilna industrija, skladiščenje naftnih derivatov). V raziskavi smo podrobneje raziskali današnjo rabo prostora na znanih območjih nevarnih dejavnosti iz osemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja. Določili smo 309 poslovnih enot, katerih sedež je prav na območju (zemljiških parcelah) nekdanjih obratov in so glede na primarno dejavnost potencialni onesnaževalci podtalnice kot vira pitne vode. Ugotavljamo, da so na 76 % območij (130 od 170) še vedno prisotne dejavnosti, ki proizvajajo, skladiščijo ali prodajajo nevarne snovi. Prevladujejo večja območja, medtem ko so se manjša pogosteje preobrazila. Njihovo stopnjo okoljskega tveganja smo določili predvsem z vidika podtalnice Ljubljanskega polja, ki je glavni vir pitne vode v prestolnici. Z nadaljnjimi terenskimi analizami tal bo treba preveriti ali so območja dejansko onesnažena in jih lahko označimo kot kontaminirana območja.

In the central part of Ljubljana, which today is almost entirely a water-protection area for drinking water, there were at least 170 facilities operating in the 1980s that produced or stored environmentally hazardous substances. These were primarily facilities in the mechanical and metal industries (metal processing, galvanizing, paint shops, machine production, servicing machinery and vehicles), the food industry (brewing, dairy), the chemical industry (producing medicines, paints, dry cleaning, producing and storing chemicals), and other industries (textiles, storing petroleum derivatives). The study investigates in detail today’s use of space at known locations of hazardous industries from the 1980s. We defined 309 business units headquartered at sites (land lots) of former companies (170) whose primary activity created the potential for polluting groundwater as a drinking water source. We determined that at 76% of the sites (130 of 170) activities are still present that produce, store, or sell hazardous substances. These are primarily large sites, whereas small sites have often been transformed. Their level of environmental risk was primarily defined with regard to the groundwater of the Ljubljana Basin, which is the capital’s main source of drinking water. It will be necessary to use further field analysis to check whether the sites are actually polluted and whether they can be defined as contaminated sites.