Public and common goods in the cultural landscape // Javno in skupno dobro v kulturni pokrajini

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to review the literature and national documents, and define the meaning and roles of various types of good in the rural cultural landscape. We identified four main categories: private good, toll good, common good, and public good. The scope, uses, and benefits of goods in the cultural landscape change over time due to, inter alia, socio-political processes and formal (non)recognition at the institutional level. Further, we discuss how public good and common good benefit the community, and the necessity of sound management and conservation of common good. In the context of public good, supporting, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services are becoming increasingly important. They are non-subtractable, but they are inextricably linked to private land. As there are many points of conflict in the use of common and public goods, their protection should be provided in the relevant legislation.

Glavni namen prispevka je pregled strokovne literature in državnih dokumentov ter opredelitev pomena in vloge različnih tipov dobrega v podeželski kulturni pokrajini. Prepoznali smo štiri glavne kategorije: zasebno, plačljivo, skupno in javno dobro. Obseg, način rabe in koristi dobrega se v kulturni pokrajini spreminjajo skozi čas, tudi zaradi družbeno-političnih procesov in formalnega (ne)prepoznanja na institucionalni ravni. Poleg tega razpravljamo, kako javno in skupno dobro prinašata skupnosti koristi ter o nujnosti premišljenega upravljanja in ohranitvi skupnega dobrega. V kontekstu javnega dobrega so podporne, uravnalne in kulturne ekosistemske storitve vse pomembnejše. Z rabo sicer ne upadajo, a so neločljivo povezane z zasebnimi zemljišči. Ker obstajajo mnoge točke konflikta v rabi skupnega in javnega dobrega, je njegova zaščita pomembna tudi na zakonodajni ravni.