Krvaveče besede: Podobe ljubezni v delih Louise Bourgeois in Joséja Leonilsona
Ključne besede:
literatura in vizualna umetnost, ljubezen, ustvarjalnost, Bourgeois, Louise, Leonilson, José, beseda in podobaPovzetek
Julia Kristeva v delu Histoires d’amour trdi, da ljubezen ni nikoli nedvoumna in da v množici literarnih del obstajajo raznovrstne podobe ljubezni. Če je njena domneva pravilna, je ljubezen raznolična. Teze Julie Kristeve so izhodišče za refleksijo o pojmovanju ljubezni v kreativnem procesu in v delih Joséja Leonilsona (Brazilija, 1957–1993) in Louise Bourgeois (Francija/ZDA, 1911–2010). Podobe ljubezni, ki jih lahko zasledimo v delih teh avtorjev, primerjamo s podobami ljubezni v literarnih delih Ernesta Hemingwaya in Henryja Jamesa. Če upoštevamo, da raznolikost ljubezni zadeva tudi utelešeno percepcijo življenjskih izkušenj, ugotovimo, da je v delih Leonilsona in Bourgeoisove upodobljena kot temeljni spopad med idealizacijo in realnostjo. Ta boj je vedno prisoten v medčloveških odnosih, ki so prvenstvenega pomena za Bourgeoisovo. Poznal ga je tudi Leonilson, ko se je soočal s težavami istospolno usmerjenega moškega v tradicionalno katoliški družini in državi. Prisoten ni le v njunih umetniških delih, temveč tudi v samem ustvarjalnem procesu. Ta krvavi boj v drugačni podobi izpričuje tudi Barbara Korun v svoji poeziji, ki jo citiramo v tej primerjalni študiji. Tako pridemo do ugotovitve, da sta si ljubezen in ustvarjalnost podobni: v obeh primerih gre za gibanje, ki se mora uravnotežiti, ali pa – kakor pravi Octavio Paz – za mirovanje gibanja. Ljubezen, ki ni zgolj beseda, temveč dejanje, sprejema svojo raznolikost.Literatura
Bouveresse, Jacques. “Philosophy from an Antiphilosopher: Paul Valéry.” Critical Inquiry 21.2 (winter 1995). Web Mar. 2016. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/ci/1995/21/2.
Cassunde, Carlos Eduardo Bitu, and Ricardo Resende (curators). Leonilson: sob o peso dos meus amores. Exhibition catalogue. Porto Alegre: Fundação Ibere Camargo, 2012.
Cohen, Richard. “Merleau-Ponty, the Flesh, and Foucault.” Rereading Merleau-Ponty: Essays Beyond the Continental-Analytic Divide. Ed. Lawrence Hass and Dorothea Olkowski. Amherst: Humanity Books / Prometeus Books, 2000.
Collins, Lorna. “The Wild Being of Louise Bourgeois: Merleau-Ponty in the Flesh.” Maney Publishing’s Online Platform 28.1 (1 Jan. 2010). Web Sept. 2015. http://www.maneyonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/174581509X12575089122008.
Comte-Sponville, Andre. A felicidade desesperadamente. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2001.
Hemingway, Ernest. To Have and Have Not. London: Jonathan Cape, 1975.
James, Henry. The Beast in the Jungle. London: The Sunday Telegraph / Penguin Books, 2011.
Johnson, Mark. The Meaning of the Body. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2008.
Knoespel, Kenneth J. Narcissus and the Invention of Personal History. London: Garland Publishing, 1985.
Korun, Barbara. “The Notebook.” The Poetic Word as Home and the World – Essay in Slovenian Poetry. The Drunken Boat. Ed. Robert Titan Felix. Transl. Martha Kosir-Widenbauer and Theo Dorgan. Web Oct. 2015. http://www.thedrunkenboat.com/korun.html.
Kristeva, Julia. Tales of Love. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.
Kuester, Ulf. Louise Bourgeois. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2012. Kindle edition.
Lagnado, Lisete. Leonilson: são tantas as verdades. São Paulo: DBA Melhoramentos / Fiesp, 1998.
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2003.
Larrat-Smith, Philip (curator). Louise Bourgeois – O retorno do desejo proibido. Exhibition catalogue. Rio de Janeiro: Museu de Arte Moderna, 2011.
Leonilson, José (José Leonilson Bezerra da Silva Dias). Notebook 6/1988. São Paulo: Projeto Leonilson Archives. Unpublished. Consulted in April 2015.
“Louise Bourgeois in Conversation with Christiane Meyer-Thoss.” Louise Bourgeois – I Have Been to Hell and Back. Ed. Iris Muller-Westermann (curator). Exhibition catalogue. Malaga: Museo Picasso, 2015.
Morris, Frances (curator). Teciendo el Tiempo. Exhibition catalogue. Malaga: Centro de Arte Contemporáneo de Málaga, 2004.
Muller-Westermann, Iris (curator). Louise Bourgeois – I Have Been to Hell and Back. Exhibition catalogue. Malaga: Museo Picasso, 2015.
Paz, Octavio. O arco e a lira. São Paulo: Cosac Naify, 2012.
Primozic, Daniel Thomas. On Merleau-Ponty. Belmont: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, 2001.
Pedrosa, Adriano (curator). Leonilson – Truth, Fiction. Exhibition catalogue. São Paulo: Pinacoteca, 2014.
Valéry, Paul. Monsieur Teste. São Paulo: Ática, 1997.
– – –. “Sencillas reflexiones sobre el cuerpo.” Estudios filosoficos. Madrid: La Balsa de la Medusa / Visor, 1993. 183–193.