Yeatsove maske in Pessoovi heteronimi v luči zahodnega ezoterizma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v43.i3.07Ključne besede:
irska književnost, portugalska književnost, modernizem, Yeats, William Butler, Pessoa, Fernando, zahodni ezoterizem, okultizem, maska, heteronimiPovzetek
Članek obravnava vpliv zahodnega ezoterizma oziroma okultizma na življenje in delo Williama Butlerja Yeatsa in Fernanda Pessoe. Pri tem je posebna pozornost posvečena pesniški tehniki »kreativne disociacije« od lastnega jaza ali »depersonalizacije«, kot je svojo heteronimijo označil Pessoa. Gre za bistveno skupno potezo Yeatsove in Pessoove poetike, ki ni le paradigmatsko modernistična, temveč tudi poudarjeno ezoterična. Kot ezoterične razumemo različne tokove, ki so se skozi zgodovino razvili vzporedno z organizirano religijo na eni in razsvetljenskim racionalizmom na drugi strani ter s tem tvorijo t. i. »tretji steber zahodne kulture«. Yeatsovo teorijo maske so v veliki meri definirale tudi ideje, ki jih je pridobil v svojih letih članstva v Hermetičnem redu Zlate zore, na nastanek Pessoovih heteronimov pa je vplivalo njegovo prakticiranje spiritizma, medijstva in avtomatskega pisanja. Delo obeh avtorjev tako lahko razumemo kot modernistični umetniški izraz, ki se je izoblikoval v tesnem kontaktu z zahodnim ezoterizmom.
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