Onkraj primerjave? Učinki literarnega prisvajanja na poavgustovsko grško-rimsko besedilno produkcijo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v44.i2.02Ključne besede:
starogrška književnost, rimski imperij, poavgustovska doba, recepcija, identiteta, literarno prisvajanjePovzetek
Članek se osredotoča najprej na rimsko recepcijo zgodnje grške literature, ki ni bila preprosto »sprejemanje« tujega vpliva, temveč prej aktivno »prevzemanje« in dejanje prisvajanja, nato še na učinke, ki jih je imel ta proces na imperialno grško književnost. V ospredju je vprašanje, ali imamo lahko grško literaturo v imperialnem obdobju vsaj do neke mere za avtonomen, svetovljanski in policentričen pojav sam po sebi, z lastnim zagonom in neodvisnimi produkcijskimi centri, ki so oblikovali svojo lastno identiteto. Še drugače, ali naletimo v imperialni dobi (pa do drugega stoletja našega štetja) v literarnih besedilih na dominantno perspektivo, ki je prispevala h krepitvi in redefiniciji perspektive rimskega imperija ter identitete središča z vidika periferije. V članku obravnavana grška besedila navajajo k razlagi, da je poavgustovska doba kljub lokalni raznolikosti in večetničnosti monopolizirala lastno perspektivo. To je spodbudilo grško elito, da se pridruži imperialnemu projektu, in omogočilo nastanek grško-rimske literature, za katero se zdi, da je ni mogoče primerjati.
Literatura
ANCIENT WORKS
Aelius Aristides. <em>The Complete Works. Vol. II. Speeches xvii–liii</em>. Trans. Charles Behr. Leiden: Brill, 1981.
Appian. <em>Roman History. Vol. I</em>. Trans. Horace White. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; Heinemann, 1912.
Cicero. <em>On Life and Death</em>. Trans. John Davie. Ed. Miriam T. Griffin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus. <em>Critical Essays. Vol. I</em>. Trans. Stephen Usher. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974.
Horace. <em>Odes III. Dulce periculum</em>. Text, Translation, and Commentary David West. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Horace. <em>Satires and Epistles</em>. Trans. John Davie. Introduction and notes Robert Cowan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Longinus. <em>On the Sublime</em>. Ed. and trans. W. Hamilton Fyfe. Rev. Donald Russell. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press, 1995.
Quintilian. <em>Institutio Oratoria</em>. Trans. Harold E. Butler. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; Heinemann, 1922.
SCHOLARLY LITERATURE
Ando, Clifford. “Imperial Identities.” <em>Local Knowledge and Microidentities in the Imperial Greek World. Greek Culture in the Roman World</em>. Ed. Tim Whitmarsh. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 17–45.
Barchiesi, Alessandro. “Center and Periphery.” <em>A Companion to Latin Literature</em>. Ed. Steven Harrison. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. 394–405.
Barchiesi, Alessandro. “Roman Perspectives on the Greeks.” <em>The Oxford Handbook of Hellenic Studies</em>. Eds. Barbara Graziosi, Phiroze Vasunia, and George R. Boys-Stones. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 98–113.
Bleicken, Jochen. “Der Preis des Aelius Aristides auf das römische Weltreich (or. 26 K.).” <em>Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen</em> 7 (1966): 225–277.
Connolly, Joy. “Being Greek/Being Roman: Hellenism and Assimilation in the Roman Empire.” <em>Millennium: Jahrbuch zu Kultur und Geschichte des ersten Jahrtausends n. Chr./Yearbook on the Culture and History of the First Millennium C.E. Vol. 4</em>. Eds. Wolfgang Brandes et al. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2004. 21–42.
De Jonge, Casper C. “Demosthenes versus Cicero: Intercultural Competition in Ancient Literary Criticism.” <em>Eris vs. Aemulatio. Valuing Competition in Classical Antiquity</em>. Eds. Cynthia Damon and Christoph Pieper. Leiden: Brill, 2018. 300–323.
Di Franco, Matteo. “Dire l’<em>Urbs</em> et l’Empire en grec. La Ville, l’Empire et l’écoumène dans le discours <em>En l’honneur de Rome</em> d’Aelius Aristide.” <em>Dire la ville en Grec aux époques antique et byzantine</em>. Eds. Liliane Lopez-Rabatel, Virginie Mathé, and Jean-Charles Moretti. Lyon: MOM éditions, 2020. 283–290.
Dihle, Albrecht. <em>Die griechische und lateinische Literatur der Kaiserzeit. Von Augustus bis Justinian</em>. Munich: Beck, 1989.
Erbse, Hartmut. “Die Bedeutung der Synkrisis in den Parallelbiographien Plutarchs.” <em>Hermes</em> 84.4 (1956): 398–424.
Feeney, Denis. <em>Beyond Greek. The Beginnings of Latin Literature</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.
Gabba, Emilio. <em>Dionysius and the History of Archaic Rome</em>. Berkeley, CA; Los Angeles, CA; Oxford: University of California Press, 1991.
Geue, Tom. <em>Author Unknown. The Power of Anonymity in Ancient Rome</em>. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press, 2019.
Goldhill, Simon, ed. <em>Being Greek under Rome. Cultural Identity, the Second Sophistic and the Development of Empire</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Gruen, Erich S., ed. <em>Cultural Borrowings and Ethnic Appropriation in Antiquity</em>. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2005.
Hafner, Markus. “Der ‘Mythos Athen’ im literarischen Diskursfeld fiktionaler Erzählprosa der Kaiserzeit – am Beispiel von Lukian, Chariton und Heliodor.” <em>Städte und Stadtstaaten zwischen Mythos, Literatur und Politik</em>. Eds. Paolo Cecconi and Christian Tornau, Berlin; Boston: de Gruyter, 2020. 249–268.
Harder, Richard. “Die Einbürgerung der Philosophie in Rom.” <em>Die Antike</em> 5 (1929): 291–316 [reprinted in <em>Kleine Schriften</em>. Munich: Beck, 1960. 330–353].
Heldmann, Konrad. <em>Antike Theorien über Entwicklung und Verfall der Redekunst</em>. Munich: Beck, 1982.
Hidber, Thomas. <em>Das klassizistische Manifest des Dionys von Halikarnass</em>. Stuttgart; Leipzig: Teubner, 1996.
Hinds, Stephen. <em>Allusion and Intertext. Dynamics of Appropriation in Roman Poetry</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Hingley, Richard. <em>Globalizing Roman Culture. Unity, Diversity and Empire</em>. London; New York: Routledge, 2005.
Hose, Martin. <em>Erneuerung der Vergangenheit. Die Historiker im Imperium Romanum von Florus bis Cassius Dio</em>. Stuttgart; Leipzig: Teubner, 1994.
Hose, Martin. “Die zweite Begegnung Roms mit den Griechen, oder: Zu den politischen Ursachen des Attizismus.” <em>Rezeption und Identität. Die kulturelle Auseinandersetzung Roms mit Griechenland als europäisches Paradigma</em>. Eds. Gregor Vogt-Spira and Bettina Rommel. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1999. 274–288.
Hose, Martin. “Post-Colonial Theory and Greek Literature in Rome.” <em>Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies</em> 40 (2001): 303–326.
Kim, Lawrence. “Atticism and Asianism.” <em>The Oxford Handbook of The Second Sophistic</em>. Eds. Daniel Richter and William A. Johnson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. 41–66.
Klein, Richard. <em>Die Romrede des Aelius Aristides. Einführung</em>. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1981 [= Klein I].
Klein, Richard. <em>Die Romrede des Aelius Aristides. Herausgegeben, übersetzt und mit Erläuterungen versehen von Richard Klein</em>. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1983 [= Klein II].
Leo, Friedrich. <em>Geschichte der römischen Literatur. Vol. 1: Die archaische Literatur</em>. Berlin: Weidmann, 1913.
Loar, Matthew P., Carolyn Macdonald, and Dan-El Padilla Peralta, eds. <em>Rome, Empire of Plunder. The Dynamics of Cultural Appropriation</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Mundt, Felix. <em>Römische Klassik und griechische Lyrik. Transformationen der Archaik in augusteischer Zeit</em>. Munich: Beck, 2018.
Osgood, Josiah. “<em>Breviarium totius imperii</em>: the background of Appian’s <em>Roman History</em>.” <em>Appian’s</em> Roman History: <em>empire and civil war</em>. Ed. Kathryn Welsh. Swansea: Classical Press of Wales, 2015. 23–44.
Rawson, Elizabeth. <em>Intellectual Life in the Late Roman Republic</em>. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.
Richter, Daniel and William A. Johnson. <em>The Oxford Handbook of the Second Sophistic</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Said, Edward W. <em>Culture and Imperialism</em>. New York: Vintage Books (Random House), 1993.
Schmitz, Thomas. <em>Bildung und Macht. Zur sozialen und politischen Funktion der zweiten Sophistik in der griechischen Welt der Kaiserzeit</em>. Munich: Beck, 1997.
Sherwin-White, Adrian N. <em>The Roman Citizenship</em>. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973.
Swain, Simon. <em>Hellenism and Empire. Language, Classicism, and Power in the Greek World, AD 50–250</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Walde, Christine. “Roman Dream Works.” <em>Latinitas Perennis. Volume II: Appropriation and Latin Literature</em>. Eds. Wim Verbaal, Yanick Maes, and Jan Papy. Leiden: Brill, 2009. 13–40.
Whitmarsh, Tim. <em>Greek Literature and the Roman Empire. The Politics of Imitation</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Whitmarsh, Tim. “Thinking local.” <em>Local Knowledge and Microidentities in the Imperial Greek World. Greek Culture in the Roman World</em>. Ed. Tim Whitmarsh. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 1–16.
Wiater, Nicolas. <em>The Ideology of Classicism. Language, History, and Identity in Dionysius of Halicarnassus</em>. Berlin; New York: de Gruyter, 2011.
Aelius Aristides. <em>The Complete Works. Vol. II. Speeches xvii–liii</em>. Trans. Charles Behr. Leiden: Brill, 1981.
Appian. <em>Roman History. Vol. I</em>. Trans. Horace White. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; Heinemann, 1912.
Cicero. <em>On Life and Death</em>. Trans. John Davie. Ed. Miriam T. Griffin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus. <em>Critical Essays. Vol. I</em>. Trans. Stephen Usher. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974.
Horace. <em>Odes III. Dulce periculum</em>. Text, Translation, and Commentary David West. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Horace. <em>Satires and Epistles</em>. Trans. John Davie. Introduction and notes Robert Cowan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Longinus. <em>On the Sublime</em>. Ed. and trans. W. Hamilton Fyfe. Rev. Donald Russell. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press, 1995.
Quintilian. <em>Institutio Oratoria</em>. Trans. Harold E. Butler. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; Heinemann, 1922.
SCHOLARLY LITERATURE
Ando, Clifford. “Imperial Identities.” <em>Local Knowledge and Microidentities in the Imperial Greek World. Greek Culture in the Roman World</em>. Ed. Tim Whitmarsh. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 17–45.
Barchiesi, Alessandro. “Center and Periphery.” <em>A Companion to Latin Literature</em>. Ed. Steven Harrison. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. 394–405.
Barchiesi, Alessandro. “Roman Perspectives on the Greeks.” <em>The Oxford Handbook of Hellenic Studies</em>. Eds. Barbara Graziosi, Phiroze Vasunia, and George R. Boys-Stones. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 98–113.
Bleicken, Jochen. “Der Preis des Aelius Aristides auf das römische Weltreich (or. 26 K.).” <em>Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen</em> 7 (1966): 225–277.
Connolly, Joy. “Being Greek/Being Roman: Hellenism and Assimilation in the Roman Empire.” <em>Millennium: Jahrbuch zu Kultur und Geschichte des ersten Jahrtausends n. Chr./Yearbook on the Culture and History of the First Millennium C.E. Vol. 4</em>. Eds. Wolfgang Brandes et al. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2004. 21–42.
De Jonge, Casper C. “Demosthenes versus Cicero: Intercultural Competition in Ancient Literary Criticism.” <em>Eris vs. Aemulatio. Valuing Competition in Classical Antiquity</em>. Eds. Cynthia Damon and Christoph Pieper. Leiden: Brill, 2018. 300–323.
Di Franco, Matteo. “Dire l’<em>Urbs</em> et l’Empire en grec. La Ville, l’Empire et l’écoumène dans le discours <em>En l’honneur de Rome</em> d’Aelius Aristide.” <em>Dire la ville en Grec aux époques antique et byzantine</em>. Eds. Liliane Lopez-Rabatel, Virginie Mathé, and Jean-Charles Moretti. Lyon: MOM éditions, 2020. 283–290.
Dihle, Albrecht. <em>Die griechische und lateinische Literatur der Kaiserzeit. Von Augustus bis Justinian</em>. Munich: Beck, 1989.
Erbse, Hartmut. “Die Bedeutung der Synkrisis in den Parallelbiographien Plutarchs.” <em>Hermes</em> 84.4 (1956): 398–424.
Feeney, Denis. <em>Beyond Greek. The Beginnings of Latin Literature</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.
Gabba, Emilio. <em>Dionysius and the History of Archaic Rome</em>. Berkeley, CA; Los Angeles, CA; Oxford: University of California Press, 1991.
Geue, Tom. <em>Author Unknown. The Power of Anonymity in Ancient Rome</em>. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press, 2019.
Goldhill, Simon, ed. <em>Being Greek under Rome. Cultural Identity, the Second Sophistic and the Development of Empire</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Gruen, Erich S., ed. <em>Cultural Borrowings and Ethnic Appropriation in Antiquity</em>. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2005.
Hafner, Markus. “Der ‘Mythos Athen’ im literarischen Diskursfeld fiktionaler Erzählprosa der Kaiserzeit – am Beispiel von Lukian, Chariton und Heliodor.” <em>Städte und Stadtstaaten zwischen Mythos, Literatur und Politik</em>. Eds. Paolo Cecconi and Christian Tornau, Berlin; Boston: de Gruyter, 2020. 249–268.
Harder, Richard. “Die Einbürgerung der Philosophie in Rom.” <em>Die Antike</em> 5 (1929): 291–316 [reprinted in <em>Kleine Schriften</em>. Munich: Beck, 1960. 330–353].
Heldmann, Konrad. <em>Antike Theorien über Entwicklung und Verfall der Redekunst</em>. Munich: Beck, 1982.
Hidber, Thomas. <em>Das klassizistische Manifest des Dionys von Halikarnass</em>. Stuttgart; Leipzig: Teubner, 1996.
Hinds, Stephen. <em>Allusion and Intertext. Dynamics of Appropriation in Roman Poetry</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Hingley, Richard. <em>Globalizing Roman Culture. Unity, Diversity and Empire</em>. London; New York: Routledge, 2005.
Hose, Martin. <em>Erneuerung der Vergangenheit. Die Historiker im Imperium Romanum von Florus bis Cassius Dio</em>. Stuttgart; Leipzig: Teubner, 1994.
Hose, Martin. “Die zweite Begegnung Roms mit den Griechen, oder: Zu den politischen Ursachen des Attizismus.” <em>Rezeption und Identität. Die kulturelle Auseinandersetzung Roms mit Griechenland als europäisches Paradigma</em>. Eds. Gregor Vogt-Spira and Bettina Rommel. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1999. 274–288.
Hose, Martin. “Post-Colonial Theory and Greek Literature in Rome.” <em>Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies</em> 40 (2001): 303–326.
Kim, Lawrence. “Atticism and Asianism.” <em>The Oxford Handbook of The Second Sophistic</em>. Eds. Daniel Richter and William A. Johnson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. 41–66.
Klein, Richard. <em>Die Romrede des Aelius Aristides. Einführung</em>. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1981 [= Klein I].
Klein, Richard. <em>Die Romrede des Aelius Aristides. Herausgegeben, übersetzt und mit Erläuterungen versehen von Richard Klein</em>. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1983 [= Klein II].
Leo, Friedrich. <em>Geschichte der römischen Literatur. Vol. 1: Die archaische Literatur</em>. Berlin: Weidmann, 1913.
Loar, Matthew P., Carolyn Macdonald, and Dan-El Padilla Peralta, eds. <em>Rome, Empire of Plunder. The Dynamics of Cultural Appropriation</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Mundt, Felix. <em>Römische Klassik und griechische Lyrik. Transformationen der Archaik in augusteischer Zeit</em>. Munich: Beck, 2018.
Osgood, Josiah. “<em>Breviarium totius imperii</em>: the background of Appian’s <em>Roman History</em>.” <em>Appian’s</em> Roman History: <em>empire and civil war</em>. Ed. Kathryn Welsh. Swansea: Classical Press of Wales, 2015. 23–44.
Rawson, Elizabeth. <em>Intellectual Life in the Late Roman Republic</em>. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.
Richter, Daniel and William A. Johnson. <em>The Oxford Handbook of the Second Sophistic</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Said, Edward W. <em>Culture and Imperialism</em>. New York: Vintage Books (Random House), 1993.
Schmitz, Thomas. <em>Bildung und Macht. Zur sozialen und politischen Funktion der zweiten Sophistik in der griechischen Welt der Kaiserzeit</em>. Munich: Beck, 1997.
Sherwin-White, Adrian N. <em>The Roman Citizenship</em>. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973.
Swain, Simon. <em>Hellenism and Empire. Language, Classicism, and Power in the Greek World, AD 50–250</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Walde, Christine. “Roman Dream Works.” <em>Latinitas Perennis. Volume II: Appropriation and Latin Literature</em>. Eds. Wim Verbaal, Yanick Maes, and Jan Papy. Leiden: Brill, 2009. 13–40.
Whitmarsh, Tim. <em>Greek Literature and the Roman Empire. The Politics of Imitation</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Whitmarsh, Tim. “Thinking local.” <em>Local Knowledge and Microidentities in the Imperial Greek World. Greek Culture in the Roman World</em>. Ed. Tim Whitmarsh. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 1–16.
Wiater, Nicolas. <em>The Ideology of Classicism. Language, History, and Identity in Dionysius of Halicarnassus</em>. Berlin; New York: de Gruyter, 2011.
