Posthumanistična kritika kartezijanskega dualizma v liriki Alje Adam in Jane Putrle Srdić
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v44.i3.05Ključne besede:
sodobna slovenska poezija, Adam, Alja, Putrle Srdić, Jana, kritika kartezijanskega dualizma, ekofeminizem, posthumanizem, ekokritikaPovzetek
Izhodišče pričujoče ekokritiške obravnave pesniških zbirk Dolgo smo čakali na dež Alje Adam in To noč bodo hrošči prilezli iz zemlje Jane Putrle Srdić je zavrnitev kartezijanskega dualizma kot za zahodno kulturo značilnega androantropocentričnega modela človeške identitete. Obe deli tematizirata človeško telesnost ter razmerje med človeškim in živalskim skozi prizmo posthumanistične več-kot-človeške identitete, ki se povezuje z neidentitetnim kot tistim, kar se izmakne človeškim konceptom. Obe pesnici spodkopavata hierarhično in kakršnokoli bistveno razlikovanje med človeškimi in ne-človeškimi živalmi, razlike med njunima pristopoma pa ustrezajo dvema smerema, ki ju lahko razločimo znotraj posthumanističnega diskurza: pesniška zbirka Alje Adam ustreza posthumanizmu, ki se osredotoča na zabrisanje ločnice med ljudmi in živalmi, Jana Putrle Srdić pa upesnjuje predvsem kiborški posthumanizem, ki razsvetljenski koncept človeka zamaje tako, da ga zmeša s konceptom stroja. Ekofeministično motivirano prevpraševanje binarne opozicije telo/um pri Adamovi poudarja izkustvo čuječnega naseljevanja lastnega telesa in skozenj umeščenosti v okolje, lirika Jane Putrle Srdić pa s svojimi referencami na posthumanistične ideje Garyja Snyderja in Donne Haraway izpeljuje radikalno posthumanistično preseganje pojmovnih dvojic narava/kultura ter telo/um oziroma zavest/materija predvsem na podlagi ideje o materialni (tj. tehnološki/biološki) posredovanosti vseh (človeških in nečloveških) zaznav.
Literatura
Adam, Alja. <em>Dolgo smo čakali na dež</em>. Ljubljana: CSK (Aleph), 2015.
Adam, Alja. <em>Zakaj bi omenjala Ahila</em>. Ljubljana: CSK (Aleph), 2009.
Alaimo, Stacy. <em>Bodily Natures: Science, Environment, and the Material Self</em>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2010.
Allen, Donald. <em>The New American Poetry: 1945–1960</em>. Berkeley, LA; London: University of California Press, 1999.
Barad, Karen. <em>Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning</em>. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007.
Barad, Karen. »Nature’s Queer Performativity«. <em>Kvinder, Køn og Forskning / Women, Gender and Research</em> 1.2 (2012): 25–53.
Bauman, Whitney. »The Eco-Ontology of Social/ist Ecofeminist Thought«. <em>Environmental Ethics</em> 29.3 (2007): 279–298.
Branch, Michael. »Ecocriticism: The Nature of Nature in Literary Theory and Practice«. <em>Weber Studies</em> 11.1 (1994): 41–55.
Cheney, Jim. »Eco-Feminism and Deep Ecology«. <em>Environmental Ethics</em> 9.2 (1987): 115–145.
Clark, Timothy. <em>The Cambridge Introduction to Literature and the Environment</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Claviez, Thomas. »Jamming What Exactly? Some Notes on the ‘Anthropological Machine’ and Ethics in Derrida, Agamben, Calarco, and Latour«. <em>Literature, Ecology, Ethics: Recent Trends in Ecocriticism</em>. Ur. Timo Müller in Michael Sauter. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 2012. 69–80.
Coupe, Laurence, ur. <em>The Green Studies Reader: From Romanticism to Ecocriticism</em>. New York, NY; London: Routledge, 2000.
Curry, Patrick. »Nature Post-Nature«. <em>New Formations. Earthographies: Ecocriticism and Culture</em> 64 (2008): 51–64.
Descartes, René. <em>A Discourse on the Method of Correctly Conducting One’s Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences</em>. Prev. Ian Maclean. New York, NY; Oxfrod: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Gatens, Moira. <em>Imaginary Bodies: Ethics, Power and Corporeality</em>. New York, NY; London: Routledge, 1996.
Görg, Christoph. »Societal Relationships with Nature: A Dialectical Approach to Environmental Politics«. <em>Critical Ecologies: The Frankfurt School and Contemporary Environmental Crises</em>. Ur. Andrew Biro. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011. 43–72.
Gunster, Shane. »Fear and the Unknown: Nature, Culture, and the Limits of Reason«. <em>Critical Ecologies: The Frankfurt School and Contemporary Environmental Crises</em>. Ur. Andrew Biro. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011. 206–228.
Haraway, Donna. <em>Opice, kiborgi in ženske</em>. Prev. Valerija Vendramin in Tina Potrato. Ljubljana: Študentska založba, 1999.
Hayles, N. Katherine. »Searching for Common Ground«. <em>Reinventing Nature? Responses to Postmodern Deconstruction</em>. Ur. Michael E. Soulé in Gary Lease. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1995. 47–63.
Hird, Myra. »Naturally Queer«. <em>Feminist Theory</em> 5.1 (2004): 85–89.
Iovino, Serenella, in Serpil Oppermann. »Material Ecocriticism: Materiality, Agency and Models of Narrativity«. <em>Ecozon@</em> 3.1 (2012): 75–91.
Keller, David R. »Introduction: What Is Anthropocentrism?« <em>Environmental Ethics: The Big Questions</em>. Ur. David R. Keller. Malden, MA; Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 59–62.
Legler, Gretchen. »Body Politics in American Nature Writing: ‘Who May Contest for What the Body of Nature Will Be?’« <em>Writing the Environment: Ecocriticism and Literature</em>. Ur. Richard Kerridge in Neil Sammells. London; New York, NY: Zed Books Ltd., 1998. 71–87.
Morton, Timothy. <em>Ecology without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009 (2007).
Morton, Timothy. <em>The Ecological Thought</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010.
Morton, Timothy. »The Mesh«. <em>Environmental Criticism for the Twenty-First Century</em>. Ur. Stephanie LeMenager, Teresa Shewry in Ken Hiltner. New York, NY; London: Routledge, 2011. 19–30.
Morton, Timothy. »Coexistence and Coexistents: Ecology without a World«. <em>Ecocritical Theory: New European Approaches</em>. Ur. Axel Goodbody in Kate Rigby. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2011. 168–180.
Potocco, Marcello. »Poezija na Prangerju, drugič«. <em>Večer</em>. 15. 6. 2015. Splet. 10. 10. 2021. https://www.vecer.com/navaden/201506156122837-6122837.
Putrle Srdić, Jana. <em>Oko očesu vrana</em>. Ljubljana: CSK (Aleph), 2020.
Putrle Srdić, Jana. <em>To noč bodo hrošči prilezli iz zemlje</em>. Ljubljana: CSK (Aleph), 2014.
Rigby, Kate. »Gernot Böhme’s Ecological Aesthetics of Atmosphere«. <em>Ecocritical Theory: New European Approaches</em>. Ur. Axel Goodbody in Kate Rigby. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2011. 139–152.
Sagan, Dorian, in Lynn Margulis. <em>Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origin of Species</em>. New York, NY: Basic Books, 2002.
Snyder, Gary. <em>The Gary Snyder Reader: Prose, Poetry, and Translations</em>. Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 1999.
Sullivan, Shannon. <em>Living Across and Through Skins: Transactional Bodies, Pragmatism, and Feminism</em>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2001.
Warren, Karen J. »The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism«. <em>Environmental Ethics: The Big Questions</em>. Ur. David R. Keller. Malden, MA; Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 281–291.
Westling, Louise. »Literature, the Environment, and the Question of the Posthuman«. <em>Nature in Literary and Cultural Studies: Transatlantic Conversations on Ecocriticism</em>. Ur. Catrin Gersdorf in Sylvia Mayer. Amsterdam; New York, NY: Rodopi, 2006. 25–47.
Wheeler, Wendy. <em>The Whole Creature: Complexity, Biosemiotics and the Evolution of Culture</em>. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 2006.
Wolfe, Cary. »Human, All Too Human: ‘Animal Studies’ and the Humanities«. <em>PMLA</em> 124.2 (2009): 564–575.
Adam, Alja. <em>Zakaj bi omenjala Ahila</em>. Ljubljana: CSK (Aleph), 2009.
Alaimo, Stacy. <em>Bodily Natures: Science, Environment, and the Material Self</em>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2010.
Allen, Donald. <em>The New American Poetry: 1945–1960</em>. Berkeley, LA; London: University of California Press, 1999.
Barad, Karen. <em>Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning</em>. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007.
Barad, Karen. »Nature’s Queer Performativity«. <em>Kvinder, Køn og Forskning / Women, Gender and Research</em> 1.2 (2012): 25–53.
Bauman, Whitney. »The Eco-Ontology of Social/ist Ecofeminist Thought«. <em>Environmental Ethics</em> 29.3 (2007): 279–298.
Branch, Michael. »Ecocriticism: The Nature of Nature in Literary Theory and Practice«. <em>Weber Studies</em> 11.1 (1994): 41–55.
Cheney, Jim. »Eco-Feminism and Deep Ecology«. <em>Environmental Ethics</em> 9.2 (1987): 115–145.
Clark, Timothy. <em>The Cambridge Introduction to Literature and the Environment</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Claviez, Thomas. »Jamming What Exactly? Some Notes on the ‘Anthropological Machine’ and Ethics in Derrida, Agamben, Calarco, and Latour«. <em>Literature, Ecology, Ethics: Recent Trends in Ecocriticism</em>. Ur. Timo Müller in Michael Sauter. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 2012. 69–80.
Coupe, Laurence, ur. <em>The Green Studies Reader: From Romanticism to Ecocriticism</em>. New York, NY; London: Routledge, 2000.
Curry, Patrick. »Nature Post-Nature«. <em>New Formations. Earthographies: Ecocriticism and Culture</em> 64 (2008): 51–64.
Descartes, René. <em>A Discourse on the Method of Correctly Conducting One’s Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences</em>. Prev. Ian Maclean. New York, NY; Oxfrod: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Gatens, Moira. <em>Imaginary Bodies: Ethics, Power and Corporeality</em>. New York, NY; London: Routledge, 1996.
Görg, Christoph. »Societal Relationships with Nature: A Dialectical Approach to Environmental Politics«. <em>Critical Ecologies: The Frankfurt School and Contemporary Environmental Crises</em>. Ur. Andrew Biro. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011. 43–72.
Gunster, Shane. »Fear and the Unknown: Nature, Culture, and the Limits of Reason«. <em>Critical Ecologies: The Frankfurt School and Contemporary Environmental Crises</em>. Ur. Andrew Biro. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011. 206–228.
Haraway, Donna. <em>Opice, kiborgi in ženske</em>. Prev. Valerija Vendramin in Tina Potrato. Ljubljana: Študentska založba, 1999.
Hayles, N. Katherine. »Searching for Common Ground«. <em>Reinventing Nature? Responses to Postmodern Deconstruction</em>. Ur. Michael E. Soulé in Gary Lease. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1995. 47–63.
Hird, Myra. »Naturally Queer«. <em>Feminist Theory</em> 5.1 (2004): 85–89.
Iovino, Serenella, in Serpil Oppermann. »Material Ecocriticism: Materiality, Agency and Models of Narrativity«. <em>Ecozon@</em> 3.1 (2012): 75–91.
Keller, David R. »Introduction: What Is Anthropocentrism?« <em>Environmental Ethics: The Big Questions</em>. Ur. David R. Keller. Malden, MA; Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 59–62.
Legler, Gretchen. »Body Politics in American Nature Writing: ‘Who May Contest for What the Body of Nature Will Be?’« <em>Writing the Environment: Ecocriticism and Literature</em>. Ur. Richard Kerridge in Neil Sammells. London; New York, NY: Zed Books Ltd., 1998. 71–87.
Morton, Timothy. <em>Ecology without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009 (2007).
Morton, Timothy. <em>The Ecological Thought</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010.
Morton, Timothy. »The Mesh«. <em>Environmental Criticism for the Twenty-First Century</em>. Ur. Stephanie LeMenager, Teresa Shewry in Ken Hiltner. New York, NY; London: Routledge, 2011. 19–30.
Morton, Timothy. »Coexistence and Coexistents: Ecology without a World«. <em>Ecocritical Theory: New European Approaches</em>. Ur. Axel Goodbody in Kate Rigby. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2011. 168–180.
Potocco, Marcello. »Poezija na Prangerju, drugič«. <em>Večer</em>. 15. 6. 2015. Splet. 10. 10. 2021. https://www.vecer.com/navaden/201506156122837-6122837.
Putrle Srdić, Jana. <em>Oko očesu vrana</em>. Ljubljana: CSK (Aleph), 2020.
Putrle Srdić, Jana. <em>To noč bodo hrošči prilezli iz zemlje</em>. Ljubljana: CSK (Aleph), 2014.
Rigby, Kate. »Gernot Böhme’s Ecological Aesthetics of Atmosphere«. <em>Ecocritical Theory: New European Approaches</em>. Ur. Axel Goodbody in Kate Rigby. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2011. 139–152.
Sagan, Dorian, in Lynn Margulis. <em>Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origin of Species</em>. New York, NY: Basic Books, 2002.
Snyder, Gary. <em>The Gary Snyder Reader: Prose, Poetry, and Translations</em>. Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 1999.
Sullivan, Shannon. <em>Living Across and Through Skins: Transactional Bodies, Pragmatism, and Feminism</em>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2001.
Warren, Karen J. »The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism«. <em>Environmental Ethics: The Big Questions</em>. Ur. David R. Keller. Malden, MA; Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 281–291.
Westling, Louise. »Literature, the Environment, and the Question of the Posthuman«. <em>Nature in Literary and Cultural Studies: Transatlantic Conversations on Ecocriticism</em>. Ur. Catrin Gersdorf in Sylvia Mayer. Amsterdam; New York, NY: Rodopi, 2006. 25–47.
Wheeler, Wendy. <em>The Whole Creature: Complexity, Biosemiotics and the Evolution of Culture</em>. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 2006.
Wolfe, Cary. »Human, All Too Human: ‘Animal Studies’ and the Humanities«. <em>PMLA</em> 124.2 (2009): 564–575.
