Mediacija nekoč in danes: Sherpa in Memoires d’un Sherpa Anga Tharkaya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v45.i3.08Ključne besede:
avtobiografska književnost, alpinizem, šerpe, Ang Tharkay, spomini, literarno posredništvoPovzetek
Spomini Anga Tharkaya, znanega alpinističnega vodnika in vodje šerp iz zgodnjega obdobja himalajskega alpinizma, postavljajo sodobnega bralca pred več izzivov. Knjiga Memoires d'un Sherpa (Spomini nekega šerpe) je po objavi leta 1954 utonila v pozabo, a je nato v prevodu iz francoščine v angleščino leta 2016 doživela ponovno izdajo z naslovom Sherpa. Ker je njen urednik, prevajalec in prepisovalec občutno posegel v izvirno besedilo, se postavlja vprašanje, ali lahko Sherpo sploh beremo kot življenjsko zgodbo Anga Tharkaya. Zastopam stališče, da lahko, pravzaprav moramo, seveda z vso potrebno občutljivostjo in ob tem, da upoštevamo raznolikost posegov v besedilo. Slednjim je podvrženo prav vsako izdano delo, zato je treba razmisliti o tem, kaj je mediacija, čigavim interesom služi in kakšno vlogo je imela pri pisanju in branju dela Sherpa. Mediacija v memoarskem diskurzu vpliva na vsako pripoved, tako o preteklosti kot sedanjosti. Če želimo slišati, kaj so imeli povedati plezalci iz Nepala v petdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja ter kako povsem mogoče, celo nujno je, da slišimo te glasove v vsej njihovi kompleksnosti tudi danes, da bi postavili pod vprašaj romantične ideje o šerpah, ki vztrajajo v gorniški literaturi, je bistvenega pomena vedeti, kako deluje mediacija v spominih Anga Tharkaya. Na ta način lahko povežemo zgodbe prvih šerp o problemih dela z vprašanji, o katerih šerpe pišejo danes.
Literatura
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Smith, Sidonie, and Julia Watson. <em>Reading Autobiography: A Guide for Interpreting Life Narratives</em>. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.
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Tenzing Norgay, and James Ramsay Ullman. <em>Man of Everest: The Autobiography of Tenzing</em>. London: G.G. Harrap, 1955.
Tenzing, Tashi. <em>Tenzing Norgay and the Sherpas of Everest</em>. Camden, ME: Ragged Mountain Press; McGraw-Hill, 2001.
Ward, Michael. “The Great Angtharkay: A Tribute.” <em>The Alpine Journal</em> (1996): 182–186.
Younging, Gregory. <em>Elements of Indigenous Style: A Guide for Writing by and about Indigenous Peoples</em>. Edmonton: Brush Education, 2018.
Zuckerman, Peter, and Amanda Padoan. <em>Buried in the Sky: The Extraordinary Story of the Sherpa Climbers on K2’s Deadliest Day</em>. New York, NY; London: W.W. Norton & Co., 2012.
Ang Tharkay. <em>Memoires d’un Sherpa</em>. Ed. Basil P. Norton. Trans. Henri Delgove. Paris: Amiot-Dumont, 1954.
Ang Tharkay. Sherpa: <em>The Memoir of Ang Tharkay</em>. Ed. Basil P. Norton. Trans. Corinne McKay. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers Books, 2016.
“Ang Tharkay Nous Raconte Comme Il Est Devenu Sherpa.” <em>Benjamin</em>. 6 Nov. 1955.
Bashyal, Pradeep. “Everest through the Eyes of a Sherpa: ‘Climbers Need to Wake up.’” <em>BBC News</em>. 7 June 2019. Web. Access 31 Aug. 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48464030.
Bell Sr., George I., W.V. Graham Matthews, and David Harrah. “Bernard Pierre: 1920–1997.” <em>The American Alpine Journal</em> 41.73 (1999): 466–467.
Bourdieu, Pierre. “The Field of Cultural Production, or: The Economic World Reversed.” <em>Poetics</em> 12.4–5 (1983): 311–356.
Coulthard, Glen Sean. <em>Red Skin, White Masks: Rejecting the Colonial Politics of Recognition</em>. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2014.
Darnton, Robert. “What Is the History of Books?” <em>The Book History Reader</em>. Ed. David Finkelstein and Alistair McCleery. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2006. 9–26.
Dhar, Amrita. “Recounting the Life Stories of Two Famous Sherpas: Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay.” <em>Outlook India</em>. 20 Aug. 2014. Web. Access 31 Aug. 2022. https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/travelnews/story/45728/the-writing-life.
Dhar, Amrita. “Travel and Mountains.” <em>The Cambridge History of Travel Writing</em>. Ed. Nandini Das and Tim Youngs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. 345–360.
Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph von. “Hardy Himalayan Highlanders.” <em>The Illustrated London News</em>. 23 Apr. 1955. 736–740.
Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph von. <em>The Sherpas of Nepal: Buddhist Highlanders</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1964.
Genette, Gérard. “Introduction to the Paratext.” Trans. Marie Maclean. <em>New Literary History</em> 22.2 (1991): 261–272.
Hansen, Peter. <em>The Summits of Modern Man: Mountaineering after the Enlightenment</em>. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013.
Hergé. <em>Tintin in Tibet</em>. Trans. Leslie Londsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner. London: Egmont, 2012.
Herzog, Maurice. <em>Annapurna: The First Conquest of an 8000-Metre Peak</em>. Translated by Nea Morin and Janet Adam Smith. London: Pimlico, 1997.
Justice, Daniel Heath. <em>Why Indigenous Literatures Matter</em>. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2018.
Krakauer, Jon. <em>Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mount Everest Disaster</em>. New York: Anchor Books, 1997.
Murray, Padmini Ray, and Claire Squires. “The Digital Publishing Communications Circuit.” <em>Book 2.0</em> 3.1 (2013): 3–23.
Ortner, Sherry B. <em>Life and Death on Mt. Everest: Sherpas and Himalayan Mountaineering</em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
Panday, Saprina. “Running in the Family.” <em>The Record</em>. 21 Apr. 2016. Web. Access 31 Aug. 2022. https://www.recordnepal.com/running-in-the-family.
Pierre, Bernard. <em>A Mountain Called Nun Kun</em>. Trans. Nea Morin and Janet Adam Smith. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1955.
Purja, Nimsdai. <em>Beyond Possible: One Soldier, Fourteen Peaks—My Life in the Death Zone</em>. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2020.
Purja, Nims. “‘The Politics of Mountains Annoyed the Hell Out of Me’: Nims Purja on Sherpa Culture.” <em>Climbing</em>. 3 Dec. 2021. Web. Access 31 Aug. 2022. https://www.climbing.com/people/nims-purja-politics-of-sherpa-culture.
Rak, Julie. <em>False Summit: Gender in Mountaineering Nonfiction</em>. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2021.
Roberts, David. <em>True Summit: What Really Happened on the Legendary Ascent of Annapurna</em>. New York, NY; London; Toronto: Simon & Schuster, 2000.
Scott-Stevenson, Julia. “An Uphill Battle: Jennifer Peedom’s Sherpa.” <em>Metro</em> 186 (2015): 102–107.
Sherpa, Jemima Diki. “Everest’s Deadly Demands: A Sherpa’s View.” <em>Financial Times</em>. 2 May 2014. Web. Access 31 Aug. 2022. https://www.ft.com/content/e9734a50-cef4-11e3-9165-00144feabdc0.
Shetty, Sudhanva. “What Is the Conflict between Tibet & China? Know about It.” <em>The Logical Indian</em>. 23 Mar. 2017. Web. Access 31 Aug. 2022. https://thelogicalindian.com/storyfeed/awareness/conflict-between-tibet-and-china.
Slemon, Stephen. “Tenzing Norgay’s Four Flags.” <em>Kunapipi</em> 34.2 (2014): 32–41.
Smith, Linda Tuhiwai. <em>Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples</em>. 3rd editon. London: Zed Books, 2021.
Smith, Sidonie, and Julia Watson. <em>Reading Autobiography: A Guide for Interpreting Life Narratives</em>. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.
Spivak, Gayatri. “Can the Subaltern Speak?” <em>Can the Subaltern Speak? Reflections on the History of an Idea</em>. Ed. Rosalind C. Morris. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2010. 21–80.
Tenzing Norgay, and James Ramsay Ullman. <em>Man of Everest: The Autobiography of Tenzing</em>. London: G.G. Harrap, 1955.
Tenzing, Tashi. <em>Tenzing Norgay and the Sherpas of Everest</em>. Camden, ME: Ragged Mountain Press; McGraw-Hill, 2001.
Ward, Michael. “The Great Angtharkay: A Tribute.” <em>The Alpine Journal</em> (1996): 182–186.
Younging, Gregory. <em>Elements of Indigenous Style: A Guide for Writing by and about Indigenous Peoples</em>. Edmonton: Brush Education, 2018.
Zuckerman, Peter, and Amanda Padoan. <em>Buried in the Sky: The Extraordinary Story of the Sherpa Climbers on K2’s Deadliest Day</em>. New York, NY; London: W.W. Norton & Co., 2012.
