Cenzura – vozlišče, ki povezuje intimnost in žensko literarno avtorstvo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v46.i1.01Ključne besede:
feministična literarna veda, literarno ustvarjanje, ženske, intimnost, cenzura, samocenzura, Kveder, ZofkaPovzetek
Povezava med zasebnim, ki pogosto velja za področje intimnega, in ženskim pisanjem že dolgo zaposluje feministično kritiko. Novejše študije v feministični kritiki so razkrile družbeni vpliv povezave med intimnostjo, ženskim literarnim avtorstvom in cenzuro oziroma samocenzuro. Ob tem se postavlja vprašanje, kako so literarne ustvarjalke ubesedovale tematike, povezane z intimnostjo, ki so bile neprimerne, da jih obravnava avtorica. Ali so obstajale kakšne strategije, kakšni mehanizmi spoprijemanja s tem? V preglednem znanstvenem članku najprej podajava kratek pregled, kako so se cenzura, spol in intimnost prepletali skozi zgodovino. Izhajajoč iz študije Sue Curry Jansen, ki cenzuro obravnava kot »vozlišče, ki povezuje znanje in moč«, trdiva, da bi lahko cenzuro obravnavali kot vozlišče, ki povezuje intimnost in žensko literarno avtorstvo. Svoje trditve podkrepiva s primeri iz odmevnih študij, ki se osredotočajo predvsem na zahodnoevropske književnosti, in dodajava primere srečanj z različnimi oblikami cenzure, kot jih je izkusila Zofka Kveder, pisateljica, ki je aktivno sodelovala v slovenskem, nemškem, češkem in hrvaškem literarnem sistemu.
Literatura
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Bandura, Albert. <em>Social Learning Theory</em>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1977.
Becker-Cantarino, Barbara. “‘Gender Censorship’: On Literary Production in German Romanticism.” <em>Women in German Yearbook</em> 11 (1995): 81–97.
Biron, Chartres. “Judgment (1928).” <em>Palatable Poison: Critical Perspectives on The Well of Loneliness</em>. Eds. Laura Doan and Jay Prosser. New York, NY: Columbia Press, 2001. 39–49.
Bunn, Matthew. “Reimagining Repression: New Censorship Theory and after.” <em>History and Theory</em> 54.1 (2015): 25–44.
Curry Jansen, Sue. <em>Censorship: The Knot that Binds Power and Knowledge</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
DiBatista, Maria, and Deborah Epstein Nord. <em>At Home in the World: Women Writers and Public Life, from Austen to the Present</em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017.
Douglas, James. “A Book That Must Be Suppressed (August 19, 1928).” <em>Palatable Poison: Critical Perspectives on The Well of Loneliness</em>. Eds. Laura Doan and Jay Prosser. New York, NY: Columbia Press, 2001. 36–38.
Dović, Marijan. “Totalitarian and Post-Totalitarian Censorship: From Hard to Soft?” <em>Primerjalna književnost</em> 31.3 (2008): 167–178.
Fleré, Djurdja.“Madame de Sévigné.” Madame de Sévigné. <em>Pisma</em>. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, 1973. 5–45.
Fraser, Nancy. “Sex, Lies, and the Public Sphere: Some Reflections on the Confirmation of Clarence Thomas.” <em>Critical Inquiry</em> 18.3 (1992): 595–612.
Freshwater, Helen. “Towards a Redefinition of Censorship.” <em>Censorship & Cultural Regulation in the Modern Age</em>. Ed. Beate Müller. Amsterdam; New York, NY: Rodopi. 225–245.
Gantar, Kajetan. “Spremna beseda.” Sapfo. <em>Pesmi</em>. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1970. 51–67.
Giddens, Anthony. <em>The Transformation of Intimacy: Sexuality, Love and Eroticism in Modern Societies</em>. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1992.
Gilbert, Nora. <em>Better Left Unsaid: Victorian Novels, Hays Code Films, and the Benefits of Censorship</em>. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013.
Habermas, Jürgen. <em>The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society</em>. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991.
Hoff, Dagmar von. “Aspects of Censorship in the Work of Karoline von Günderrode.” <em>Women in German Yearbook</em> 11 (1995): 99–112.
“Index Librorum Prohibitorum.” <em>Encyclopedia Britannica</em>. Web. Accessed 31 March 2022.
Jackson, Stevi, and Petula Sik Ying Ho. <em>Women Doing Intimacy: Gender, Family and Modernity in Britain and Hong Kong</em>. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.
Kuhn, Annette. <em>Cinema, Censorship and Sexuality, 1909–1925</em>. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 1988.
Kveder, Zofka. Letter to Fran Zbašnik. 9. 9. 1904. Ljubljana, National and University Library. Also available in the electronic collection <em>Pisma</em>. Web. Accessed 4 April 2023. https://pisma-rch.ung.si/pismo/602.
Milčinski, Fran. C. Kr. Predsedstvu v Ljubljani. 1907. Ljubljana, Archive of Republic of Slovenia. SI AS 16/169/5935.
Lindh Estelle, Birgitta, Carmen Beatrice Duțu, and Viola Parente-Čapková, eds. <em>Women Writing Intimate Spaces</em>. Leiden: Brill.
Moss, Pamela, and Courtney Donovan, eds. <em>Writing Intimacy into Feminist Geography</em>. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2017.
Mulvey-Roberts, Marie. “Women Writers: Britain and United States.” <em>Censorship: A World Encyclopedia</em>. Ed. Derek Jones. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2001. 2637–2638.
Neverow, Vera. “Woolf’s Editorial Self-Censorship and Risk-Taking in Jacob’s Room.” <em>Virginia Woolf and the Literary Marketplace</em>. Ed. J. Dubino. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
Ojala, Jeanne A. “Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette. French novelist. 1873–1954.” <em>Censorship: A World Encyclopedia</em>. Ed. Derek Jones. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2001. 541–542.
Piron, Sylvain “Marguerite in Champagne.” <em>Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures</em> 43 (2017): 135–156.
Sabor, Peter. “Jane Austen. British novelist. 1775–1817.” <em>Censorship: A World Encyclopedia</em>. Ed. Derek Jones. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2001. 129–130.
Schlosberg, Laura. “Evdokiia Rostopchina. Russian poet and prose writer. 1812–1858. ‘Nasil’nyi brak’ (The Forced Marriage) Ballad, 1846.” <em>Censorship: A World Encyclopedia</em>. Ed. Derek Jones. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2001. 2064–2065.
Swithinbank, Hannah J. “Censor.” <em>The Encyclopedia of Ancient History</em>. Eds. R. S. Bagnall et al. Web. Accessed 4 April 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah20027.
Župančič, Oton. “Moderna črtica pri nas.” <em>Slovan</em> 1.1 (1903): 24–25.
