Kako misliti svetovno književnost z njenega roba? Ponovna ocena
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v45.i3.01Ključne besede:
svetovna književnost, literarni kanon, svetovni literarni sistem, posvetitev, kapilarno svetovljenje, Lipuš, Florjan, Handke, Peter, Šalamun, TomažPovzetek
Svetovna literatura je pojmovno vzniknila v dobi industrijskega kapitalizma na začetku moderne globalizacije, ki je v 19. stoletju vzpostavila sistem tržno pogojenega obtoka besedil med jeziki in deželami. K zgodovinskosti pojma svetovne književnosti sodi tudi njena kanoničnost. V normativnem horizontu svetovne književnosti so akterji posameznega (nacionalnega) literarnega polja, posebej če je to periferno, dojemali svoj partikularni položaj v razmerju do domnevne univerzalnosti literarnega. Pascale Casanova in drugi teoretiki svetovne književnosti kot enega, a neenakopravnega sistema poudarjajo idejo konsekracije. Z njo metropola literarnemu izdelku z obrobja omogoči dostop do globalne estetske potrošnje. Čeprav ne moremo zanikati vodilne vloge metropol, ne gre podcenjevati manj vidnega »kapilarnega svetovljenja«, prek katerega dela s periferij svetovnega literarnega sistema po stranskih poteh pisateljsko-prevajalskega mreženja, butičnih založb ter literarnih festivalov in revij najdejo odziv v ožjih, poznavalskih krogih bralcev-ustvarjalcev onkraj meja svojega matičnega jezika in književnosti. Svetovni literarni sistem, določen z neenakostmi kapitalizma in globalizacije, je torej dominantna raven svetovne literature, a v njegovi senci delujejo druge ravni, na katerih se razmerja med centri in periferijami postavljajo drugače. Na to kažeta dva primera svetovljenja slovenskega modernizma: Florjan Lipuš in Tomaž Šalamun.
Literatura
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Kadir, Djelal. »To World, to Globalize – Comparative Literature’s Crossroads«. <em>Comparative Literature Studies</em> 41.1 (2004): 1–9.
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Steiner, Ann. »World Literature and the Book Market«. <em>The Routledge Companion to World Literature</em>. Ur. Theo D’haen, David Damrosch in Djelal Kadir. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2012. 316–324.
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Wallerstein, Immanuel. <em>World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction</em>. Durham, NC; London: Duke University Press, 2004.
Zhang, Longxi. »Canon and World Literature«. <em>Journal of World Literature</em> 1 (2016): 119–127.
Apter, Emily. <em>Against World Literature: On the Politics of Untranslatability</em>. London; New York, NY: Verso, 2013.
Apter, Emily. <em>The Translation Zone</em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.
Brouillette, Sarah. »World Literature and Market Dynamics«. <em>Institutions of World Literature: Writing, Translation, Markets</em>. Ur. Stefan Helgesson in Pieter Vermeulen. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2016. 93–106.
Carravetta, Peter. »The Canon(s) of World Literature«. <em>The Routledge Companion to World Literature</em>. Ur. Theo D’haen idr. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2012. 264–72.
Casanova, Pascale. »Consecration and Accumulation of Literary Capital«. <em>Critical Readings in Translation Studies</em>. Ur. Mona Baker. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2010. 285–303.
Casanova, Pascale. <em>The World Republic of Letters</em>. Prev. M. B. DeBevoise. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Cheah, Pheng. <em>What Is a World? On Postcolonial Literature as World Literature</em>. Durham, NC; London: Duke University Press, 2016.
Damrosch, David. <em>What Is World Literature?</em> Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Damrosch, David. »World Literature in a Postcanonical, Hypercanonical Age«. <em>Comparative Literature in an Age of Globalization</em>. Ur. Haun Sasussy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. 43–53.
Deckard, Sharae, idr. <em>Combined and Uneven Development: Towards a New Theory of World-Literature</em>. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2015.
<em>Der Zögling Tjaž. Entstehungskontext</em>. <em>Handke Online</em>. Splet. Dostop 7. 10. 2022. https://handkeonline.onb.ac.at/node/748.
Domínguez, César. »Dionýz Ďurišin and a Systemic Theory of World Literature«. <em>The Routledge Companion to World Literature</em>. Ur. Theo D’haen idr. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2012. 99–107.
Ďurišin, Dionýz. <em>Čo je svetová literatúra?</em> Bratislava: Obzor, 1992.
Eckermann, Johann Peter. <em>Pogovori z Goethejem</em>. Prev. Josip Vidmar. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, 1959.
Epstein, Andrew. »Tomaž Šalamun (1941–2014) and the New York School«. <em>Locus Solus: The New York School of Poets</em>. 28. 12. 2014. Splet. Dostop 7. 10. 2022. https://newyorkschoolpoets.wordpress.com/2014/12/28/tomaz-salamun-1941-2014-and-the-new-york-school/.
Frassinelli, Pier Paolo, in David Watson. »World Literature: A Receding Horizon«. <em>Traversing Transnationalism: The Horizons of Literary and Cultural Studies</em>. Ur. Pier Paolo Frassinelli, Ronit Frenkel in David Watson. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2011. 191–207.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. »Some Passages Pertaining to the Concept of World Literature«. <em>Comparative Literature: The Early Years. An Anthology of Essays</em>. Ur. Hans-Joachim Schulz in Philipp H. Rhein. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1973. 1–12.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. »Appendix: The Twenty-One Passages from Goethe’s Works, Diaries, Letters and Conversations in Which He Makes Use of the Expression ‘World Literature’«. <em>Goethe and World Literature</em>. Avtor Fritz Strich. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd, 1949. 349–351.
Gupta, Suman. <em>Globalization and Literature</em>. Cambridge; Malden, MA: Polity, 2009.
Handke, Peter. »Nobel Lecture«. <em>NobelPrize.org. Nobel Laureate in Literature 2019</em>. 7. 12. 2019. Splet. Dostop 7. 10. 2022. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2019/handke/lecture/.
Hayot, Eric. »World Literature and Globalization«. <em>The Routledge Companion to World Literature</em>. Ur. Theo D’haen, David Damrosch in Djelal Kadir. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2012. 223–231.
Heilbron, Johan. »Towards a Sociology of Translation«. <em>Critical Readings in Translation Studies</em>. Ur. Mona Baker. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2010. 304–316.
Helgesson, Stefan, in Pieter Vermeulen, ur. <em>Institutions of World Literature: Writing, Translation, Markets</em>. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2016.
Helgesson, Stefan, in Pieter Vermeulen. »Introduction: World Literature in the Making«. <em>Institutions of World Literature: Writing, Translation, Markets</em>. Ur. Stefan Helgesson in Pieter Vermeulen. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2016. 1–20.
Hellewell, Olivia. »Creative Autonomy and Institutional Support in Contemporary Slovene Literature«. <em>Translating the Literatures of Small European Nations</em>. Ur. Rajendra Chitnis. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2020.
Hitzke, Diana, in Miriam Finkelstein, ur. <em>Slavische Literaturen der Gegenwart als Weltliteratur – hybride Konstellationen</em>. 1. Auflage. Innsbruck: Innsbruck University Press, 2018.
Juvan, Marko. <em>Prešernovska struktura in svetovni literarni sistem</em>. Ljubljana: LUD Literatura, 2012.
Juvan, Marko. »Posvetnost svetovne literature in njeni svetovi«. <em>Slavistična revija</em> 69.1 (2021): 1–15.
Kadir, Djelal. »To World, to Globalize – Comparative Literature’s Crossroads«. <em>Comparative Literature Studies</em> 41.1 (2004): 1–9.
Kirby, John T. »The Great Books«. <em>The Routledge Companion to World Literature</em>. Ur. Theo D’haen, David Damrosch in Djelal Kadir. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2012. 273–282.
Kliger, Ilya. »World Literature Beyond Hegemony in Yuri M. Lotman’s Cultural Semiotics«. <em>Comparative Critical Studies</em> 7.2–3 (2010): 257–274.
Lawall, Sarah. »Richard Moulton and the ‘Perspective Attitude in World Literature’«. <em>The Routledge Companion to World Literature</em>. Ur. Theo D’haen, David Damrosch in Djelal Kadir. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2012. 32–40.
Lipuš, Florjan. <em>Der Zögling Tjaž: Roman</em>. Prev. Peter Handke in Helga Mračnikar. Salzburg: Residenz, 1981.
Lipuš, Florjan. <em>Zmote dijaka Tjaža: roman</em>. Maribor: Obzorja, 1972.
Marx, Karl, in Friedrich Engels. <em>Komunistični manifest</em>. Prev. Božidar Debenjak. Spremna beseda Mladen Dolar idr. Ljubljana: Sanje, 2009.
Messner, Elena. »Übersetzungen als Beitrag zu einem transnationalen literarischen Feld? Bosnische, kroatische und serbische Gegenwartsprosa am deutschen Buchmarkt (1991 bis 2012)«. <em>Slavische Literaturen der Gegenwart als Weltliteratur – hybride Konstellationen</em>. 1. Auflage. Ur. Diana Hitzke in Miriam Finkelstein. Innsbruck: Innsbruck University Press, 2018. 62–91.
Moretti, Franco. <em>Grafi, zemljevidi, drevesa in drugi spisi o svetovni literaturi</em>. Izbor, prev. in spremna beseda Jernej Habjan. Ljubljana: Studia humanitatis, 2011.
Moulton, Richard. »The Unity of Language and the Conception of World Literature and World Literature the Autobiography of Civilization«. <em>World Literature: A Reader</em>. Ur. Theo D’haen, César Domínguez in Mads Rosendahl Thomsen. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2012. 28–35.
Musil, Robert. <em>Zablode Gojenca Torlessa</em>. Prev. in uvodna študija Darko Dolinar. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, 1971.
Nemoianu, Virgil. »‘National Poets’ in the Romantic Age: Emergence and Importance«. <em>Romantic Poetry</em>. Ur. Angela Esterhammer. Amsterdam; Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. 249–255.
Prendergast, Christopher. »The World Republic of Letters«. <em>Debating World Literature</em>. Ur. Christopher Prendergast. London; New York, NY: Verso, 2004. 1–25.
Roig-Sanz, Diana, in Reine Meylaerts, ur. <em>Literary Translation and Cultural Mediators in ‘Peripheral’ Cultures: Customs Officers or Smugglers?</em> Cham: Springer, 2018.
Sapiro, Gisèle. »Strategies of Importation of Foreign Literature in France in the Twentieth Century: The Case of Gallimard, or the Making of an International Publisher«. <em>Institutions of World Literature: Writing, Translation, Markets</em>. Ur. Stefan Helgesson in Pieter Vermeulen. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2016. 143–159.
Steiner, Ann. »World Literature and the Book Market«. <em>The Routledge Companion to World Literature</em>. Ur. Theo D’haen, David Damrosch in Djelal Kadir. London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2012. 316–324.
Thomsen, Mads Rosendahl. <em>Mapping World Literature: International Canonization and Transnational Literatures</em>. New York, NY: Continuum, 2008.
Vermeulen, Pieter. »On World Literary Reading: Literature, the Market, and the Antinomies of Mobility«. <em>Institutions of World Literature: Writing, Translation, Markets</em>. Ur. Stefan Helgesson in Pieter Vermeulen. New York: Routledge, 2016. 79–92.
Vimr, Ondřej. »Supply-Driven Translation: Compensating for Lack of Demand«. <em>Translating the Literatures of Small European Nations</em>. Ur. Rajendra Chitnis. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2020.
Wallerstein, Immanuel. <em>World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction</em>. Durham, NC; London: Duke University Press, 2004.
Zhang, Longxi. »Canon and World Literature«. <em>Journal of World Literature</em> 1 (2016): 119–127.
