Kako misliti svetovno književnost z njenega roba? Ponovna ocena

Avtorji

  • Marko Juvan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v45.i3.01

Ključne besede:

svetovna književnost, literarni kanon, svetovni literarni sistem, posvetitev, kapilarno svetovljenje, Lipuš, Florjan, Handke, Peter, Šalamun, Tomaž

Povzetek

Svetovna literatura je pojmovno vzniknila v dobi industrijskega kapitalizma na začetku moderne globalizacije, ki je v 19. stoletju vzpostavila sistem tržno pogojenega obtoka besedil med jeziki in deželami. K zgodovinskosti pojma svetovne književnosti sodi tudi njena kanoničnost. V normativnem horizontu svetovne književnosti so akterji posameznega (nacionalnega) literarnega polja, posebej če je to periferno, dojemali svoj partikularni položaj v razmerju do domnevne univerzalnosti literarnega. Pascale Casanova in drugi teoretiki svetovne književnosti kot enega, a neenakopravnega sistema poudarjajo idejo konsekracije. Z njo metropola literarnemu izdelku z obrobja omogoči dostop do globalne estetske potrošnje. Čeprav ne moremo zanikati vodilne vloge metropol, ne gre podcenjevati manj vidnega »kapilarnega svetovljenja«, prek katerega dela s periferij svetovnega literarnega sistema po stranskih poteh pisateljsko-prevajalskega mreženja, butičnih založb ter literarnih festivalov in revij najdejo odziv v ožjih, poznavalskih krogih bralcev-ustvarjalcev onkraj meja svojega matičnega jezika in književnosti. Svetovni literarni sistem, določen z neenakostmi kapitalizma in globalizacije, je torej dominantna raven svetovne literature, a v njegovi senci delujejo druge ravni, na katerih se razmerja med centri in periferijami postavljajo drugače. Na to kažeta dva primera svetovljenja slovenskega modernizma: Florjan Lipuš in Tomaž Šalamun.

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2022-11-07

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