Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Not Really a Chivalric Romance

Authors

  • Mladen M. Jakovljević
  • Vladislava S. Gordić Petković

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v42.i3.12

Keywords:

English literature, medieval romance, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, love, knighthood, chivalry

Abstract

Medieval English romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is unique not only in its form, content and structure, but also in the poet’s skillful use of conventions that play with the reader’s expectations by introducing elements that make the poem exquisitely ambivalent and place it in the fuzzy area where reality and fiction overlap. Although the poem seemingly praises the strength and purity of chivalry and knighthood, it actually subtly criticizes and comments on their failure when practiced outside the court and in real life. This is particularly noticeable when the poem’s symbolism, its hero, and the society he comes from are read against historical context, i.e. as reflections of the realities of medieval life. Accordingly, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight can be read as a poem that praises chivalry and knighthood more by way of commenting on their dissipation than through overt affirmation, as the future of the kingdom, its rulers and society, with its faulty Christian knights, is far from bright, given the cracks and flaws that mar its seemingly glossy façade.

References

Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald Waldron, eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript in Modern English Prose Translation: Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.

Bennett, Michael J. “The Historical Background.” A Companion to the Gawain Poet. Ed. Derek Brewer. Cambridge: Boydel & Brewer, 1999. 71–90.

Benson, Larry D. “Art and Tradition in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.” Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Denton Fox. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1968. 23–34.

Bloomfield. Morton W. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Appraisal.” PMLA 76.1 (1961). 7–19. Brewer, Derek. A Companion to the Gawain Poet. Cambridge: Boydel & Brewer, 1999.

Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. London: Fontana Press, HarperCollins Publishers, 1993.

Coss, Peter R. The Knight in Medieval England, 1000–1400. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Books, 1996.

Friedman, Albert B., and Richard H. Osberg. “Gawain’s Girdle as Traditional Symbol.” The Journal of American Folklore 90.357 (1977). 301–315.

Fulton, Helen, ed. A Companion to Arthurian Literature. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

Fox, Denton, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1968.

Geoffrey of Monmouth. The History of the Kings of Britain. Trans. Lewis Thorpe. London: The Folio Society, 1969.

Gies, Joseph, and Frances Gies. Life in a Medieval Castle. New York: Harper & Row, 1979.

Hardman, Phillipa. “Gawain’s Practice of Piety in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.” Medium Aevum 68.2 (1999). 247–267.

Howard, Donald R. “Structure and Symmetry in Sir Gawain.” Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Denton Fox. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1968. 44–56.

Jakovlјević, Mladen. “Magija, pagansko i hrišćansko u Ser Gavejnu i Zelenom vitezu.” Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Prištini 48.2 (2018). 209–228.

Jakovljević, Mladen, and Mirjana Lončar-Vujnović. “Medievalism in Contemporary Fantasy: A New Species of Romance.” Imago Temporis: Medium Aevum 10 (2016). 97–116.

Kieckhefer, Richard. Magic in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Kinney, Clare. R. “The Best Book of Romance: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.” University of Toronto Quarterly 59.4 (1990). 457–473.

Lacy, Michael. “Armour I.” A Companion to the Gawain Poet. Ed. Derek Brewer. Cambridge: Boydel & Brewer, 1999. 165–173.

Malarkey, Stoddard, and J. Barre Toelken. “Gawain and the Green Girdle.” The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 63.1 (1964). 14–20.

Mathew, Gervase. “Ideals of Knighthood in Late-Fourteenth-Century England.” Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Denton Fox. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1968. 68–72.

Pearsall, Derek. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Essay in Enigma.” The Chaucer Review 46 (2011). 248–258.

Rider, Jeff. “The Other Worlds of Romance.” The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Romance. Ed. Roberta L. Krueger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 115–131.

Spearing, A. C. “Poetic Identity.” A Companion to the Gawain Poet. Ed. Derek Brewer. Cambridge: Boydel & Brewer, 1999. 35–51.

Thorpe, Lewis. “Introduction.” Geoffrey of Monmouth. The History of the Kings of Britain. Trans. Lewis Thorpe. London: The Folio Society, 1969. 9–30.

Tolkien, J. R. R. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2006.

Tolkien, J. R. R. and E. V. Gordon, eds. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967 (1993). Available at: Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse, University of Michigan. http://name.umdl.umich.edu/Gawain.

Whiting, B. J. “Gawain: His Reputation, His Courtesy, and His Appearance in Chaucer’s ‘Squire’s Tale’.” Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Denton Fox. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1968. 73–78.

Downloads

Issue

Section

Articles