Translating Ideological References: The Case of Alan Ford
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v43.i2.09Keywords:
literary translation, adaptation, censorship, self-censorship, ideology, Italian literature, comics, Alan Ford, translations to CroatianAbstract
The article analyzes the translation of ideological references in three episodes of the Italian comic book Alan Ford. It was translated into Croatian by Nenad Brixy, translator, writer and editor at the Vjesnik newspaper in Zagreb, who also proposed the comic book for publication in Croatian. Brixy’s translation, which became hugely popular in the former Yugoslavia primarily for its humor, is relatively free, and more of a cultural adaptation than a faithful translation. The analysis of the three selected translated episodes shows that all ideological references in the two episodes which were published in the same chronological order as in the Italian edition were adapted while the translation of the third episode, Formule, which was published only later, is significantly more literal and cannot be attributed to Brixy even though he is credited as the translator of this episode as well.
References
<em>Alan Ford: piratska izdanja</em>. Splet. 27. 8. 2020. <http://skab612.com/index.php?site=bsp_popisi&oznaka=AFP&stranica=1>
<em>Alan Ford: cenzura</em>. Splet. 27. 8. 2020. <http://skab612.com/AlanFord/af_cenzura.html>.
Baker, Mona. »Reframing Conflict in Translation«. <em>Critical Readings in Translation Studies</em>. Ur. Mona Baker. London: Routledge, 2010. 113–129.
Bourdieu, Pierre. <em>Language and Symbolic Power</em>. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991.
Buh, Aleksander. Zasebna komunikacija, september in oktober 2017.
Crespo, Itziar. <em>Translating in a Nationalistic Context: Censorship in Translation under Franco</em>. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1999.
Džamić, Lazar. <em>Cvjećarnica u Kući cvijeća: kako smo usvojili i živeli Alana Forda</em>. Zagreb: Jesenski i Turk, 2012.
Gržina, Hrvoje. »Semiotička analiza mediju stripa svojstvenih vizualnih elemenata u Alanu Fordu Maxa Bunkera i Magnusa«. <em>Medijske studije</em> 5.10 (2014): 19–35.
Hatim, Basil in Ian Mason. <em>The Translator as Communicator</em>. London: Routledge, 1997.
Kuhiwczak, Piotr. »Translation Studies Forum: Translation and Censorship«. <em>Translation Studies</em> 4.3 (2011): 358–373.
Lehmann, Eric. <em>Le ali del potere: la propaganda aeronautica nell’Italia fascista</em>. Torino: UTET, 2010.
Pokorn Kocijančič, Nike. <em>Post-Socialist Translation Practices: Ideological Struggle in Children’s Literature</em>. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2012.
Mason, Ian. »Discourse, Ideology and Translation«. <em>Critical Readings in Translation Studies</em>. Ur. Mona Baker. London: Routledge, 2010. 84–95.
Horvat, Marjan. »Lazar Džamić: pisec knjige o fenomenu stripa Alan Ford, ki je obnorel samo nekdanjo Jugoslavijo: zakaj samo njo?: kulisa za razumevanje balkanske mentalitete«. <em>Mladina</em> 9 (27. februar 2015): 80–81.
Patruno, Camilla. »Alan Ford: il piu’ amato dagli Slavi«. Splet. 27. 8. 2020. <http://www.ubcfumetti.com/italia/?12702>
Rakezić, Saša [Aleksandar Zograf]. »Alan Ford: Big in the Balkans«. Splet. 27. 8. 2020. <http://skab612.com/AlanFord/af_tekst11.html>
Rundle, Christopher. <em>Publishing Translation in Fascist Italy</em>. Bern: Peter Lang, 2010.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker]. <em>Alan Ford: Una gita a San Guerreta</em>. Milano: Mondadori, 2014.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker]. <em>Alan Ford: Un voto per Notax</em>. Milano: Mondadori, 2014.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker]. <em>Alan Ford: Formule</em>. Milano: Mondadori, 2014.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker], in Roberto Raviola [Magnus]. <em>Formule</em>. Prevedel Nenad Brixy. Zagreb: Strip-agent, 2004.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker], in Roberto Raviola [Magnus]. <em>Ucviljeni diktator</em>. Prevedel Nenad Brixy. Zagreb: Strip-agent, 2004.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker], in Roberto Raviola [Magnus]. <em>(Ne) glasajte za Notaxa</em>. Prevedel Nenad Brixy. Zagreb: Strip-agent, 2004.
Seruya, Teresa in Maria Lin Moniz, ur. <em>Translation and Censorship in Different Times and Landscapes</em>. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008.
Sherry, Samantha. »Censorship in Translation in the Soviet Union: The Manipulative Rewriting of Howard Fast’s Novel <em>The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti</em>«. <em>Slavonica</em> 16.1 (2010): 1–14.
Sherry, Samantha. <em>Discourses of Regulation and Resistance: Censoring Translation in the Stalin and the Khruschev Era in the Soviet Union</em>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015.
Skubic, Andrej E. <em>Obrazi jezika</em>. Ljubljana: Študentska založba, 2006.
Sturge, Kate. »A Danger and a Veiled Attack: Translating into Nazi Germany«. <em>The Practices of Literary Translation: Constraints and Creativity</em>. Ur. Jean Boase-Beier in Michael Holman. Manchester: St Jerome Publishing, 1999. 135–146.
Tan, Zaixi. »Censorship in Translation: The Case of the People’s Republic of China«. <em>Neohelicon</em> 42.1 (2015): 313–339.
Tymoczko, Maria. »Censorship and Self-Censorship in Translation: Ethics and Ideology, Resistance and Collusion«. <em>Translation and Censorship</em>. Ur. Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, Cormac Ó Cuilleanáin in David Parris. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2009. 24–45.
Venuti, Lawrence. <em>The Translator’s Invisibility</em>. London: Routledge, 1995.
<em>Alan Ford: cenzura</em>. Splet. 27. 8. 2020. <http://skab612.com/AlanFord/af_cenzura.html>.
Baker, Mona. »Reframing Conflict in Translation«. <em>Critical Readings in Translation Studies</em>. Ur. Mona Baker. London: Routledge, 2010. 113–129.
Bourdieu, Pierre. <em>Language and Symbolic Power</em>. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991.
Buh, Aleksander. Zasebna komunikacija, september in oktober 2017.
Crespo, Itziar. <em>Translating in a Nationalistic Context: Censorship in Translation under Franco</em>. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1999.
Džamić, Lazar. <em>Cvjećarnica u Kući cvijeća: kako smo usvojili i živeli Alana Forda</em>. Zagreb: Jesenski i Turk, 2012.
Gržina, Hrvoje. »Semiotička analiza mediju stripa svojstvenih vizualnih elemenata u Alanu Fordu Maxa Bunkera i Magnusa«. <em>Medijske studije</em> 5.10 (2014): 19–35.
Hatim, Basil in Ian Mason. <em>The Translator as Communicator</em>. London: Routledge, 1997.
Kuhiwczak, Piotr. »Translation Studies Forum: Translation and Censorship«. <em>Translation Studies</em> 4.3 (2011): 358–373.
Lehmann, Eric. <em>Le ali del potere: la propaganda aeronautica nell’Italia fascista</em>. Torino: UTET, 2010.
Pokorn Kocijančič, Nike. <em>Post-Socialist Translation Practices: Ideological Struggle in Children’s Literature</em>. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2012.
Mason, Ian. »Discourse, Ideology and Translation«. <em>Critical Readings in Translation Studies</em>. Ur. Mona Baker. London: Routledge, 2010. 84–95.
Horvat, Marjan. »Lazar Džamić: pisec knjige o fenomenu stripa Alan Ford, ki je obnorel samo nekdanjo Jugoslavijo: zakaj samo njo?: kulisa za razumevanje balkanske mentalitete«. <em>Mladina</em> 9 (27. februar 2015): 80–81.
Patruno, Camilla. »Alan Ford: il piu’ amato dagli Slavi«. Splet. 27. 8. 2020. <http://www.ubcfumetti.com/italia/?12702>
Rakezić, Saša [Aleksandar Zograf]. »Alan Ford: Big in the Balkans«. Splet. 27. 8. 2020. <http://skab612.com/AlanFord/af_tekst11.html>
Rundle, Christopher. <em>Publishing Translation in Fascist Italy</em>. Bern: Peter Lang, 2010.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker]. <em>Alan Ford: Una gita a San Guerreta</em>. Milano: Mondadori, 2014.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker]. <em>Alan Ford: Un voto per Notax</em>. Milano: Mondadori, 2014.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker]. <em>Alan Ford: Formule</em>. Milano: Mondadori, 2014.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker], in Roberto Raviola [Magnus]. <em>Formule</em>. Prevedel Nenad Brixy. Zagreb: Strip-agent, 2004.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker], in Roberto Raviola [Magnus]. <em>Ucviljeni diktator</em>. Prevedel Nenad Brixy. Zagreb: Strip-agent, 2004.
Secchi, Luciano [Max Bunker], in Roberto Raviola [Magnus]. <em>(Ne) glasajte za Notaxa</em>. Prevedel Nenad Brixy. Zagreb: Strip-agent, 2004.
Seruya, Teresa in Maria Lin Moniz, ur. <em>Translation and Censorship in Different Times and Landscapes</em>. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008.
Sherry, Samantha. »Censorship in Translation in the Soviet Union: The Manipulative Rewriting of Howard Fast’s Novel <em>The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti</em>«. <em>Slavonica</em> 16.1 (2010): 1–14.
Sherry, Samantha. <em>Discourses of Regulation and Resistance: Censoring Translation in the Stalin and the Khruschev Era in the Soviet Union</em>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015.
Skubic, Andrej E. <em>Obrazi jezika</em>. Ljubljana: Študentska založba, 2006.
Sturge, Kate. »A Danger and a Veiled Attack: Translating into Nazi Germany«. <em>The Practices of Literary Translation: Constraints and Creativity</em>. Ur. Jean Boase-Beier in Michael Holman. Manchester: St Jerome Publishing, 1999. 135–146.
Tan, Zaixi. »Censorship in Translation: The Case of the People’s Republic of China«. <em>Neohelicon</em> 42.1 (2015): 313–339.
Tymoczko, Maria. »Censorship and Self-Censorship in Translation: Ethics and Ideology, Resistance and Collusion«. <em>Translation and Censorship</em>. Ur. Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, Cormac Ó Cuilleanáin in David Parris. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2009. 24–45.
Venuti, Lawrence. <em>The Translator’s Invisibility</em>. London: Routledge, 1995.
