Triglav in Slovenian National Consciousness: Literary Representations of the Alpine Region from the Enlightenment to the Interwar Period
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v47.i3.01Keywords:
Slovenian literature, national identity, national mythology, mount Triglav, Vodnik, Valentin, Prešeren, France, Bevk, FranceAbstract
This article analyses various ways in which Slovenian writers (especially Valentin Vodnik, France Prešeren, and France Bevk) depicted Triglav and the mountain areas of Slovenia in literature from the Enlightenment to the interwar period. This is done through the prism of their aesthetic value and nation-building role, as well as their influence on the development of Slovenian sensibility, identity, and national consciousness. Inspiring the research was the conviction that the mountains occupy a special place in the collective memory of Slovenians, and that Triglav is a symbol of Slovenianness. An important point in the discussion is the comparative study of the origin and significance of Triglav (lit. “the three-headed one”) according to Slovenian (Janez Vajkard Valvasor, Anton Tomaž Linhart, Janez Trdina, Davorin Trstenjak) and Polish scholars (Henryk Łowmiański, Jerzy Strzelczyk, Aleksander Gieysztor, Andrzej Szyjewski), and how they correspond to the representations of Triglav in the works of selected Slovenian writers (Vodnik’s “Veršac,” Prešeren’s The Baptism on the Savica, Bevk’s The Dying God Triglav).
References
Baumbach, Rudolf. Zlatorog: planinska pravljica. Translated by Anton Funtek, I. v. Kleinmayr & Bamberg, 1886.
Bernbaum, Edwin. Sacred Mountains of the World. University of California Press, 1998.
Bevk, France. Umirajoči bog Triglav. Goriška matica, 1930.
Bezlaj, France. Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika. Vol. 1, Mladinska knjiga, 1977.
Bizjak, Janez. “Triglav, sveta gora med mitom in resničnostjo.” Triglav 240, edited by Matija Zorn et al., Založba ZRC, 2018, pp. 327–335.
Bjelčevič, Aleksander. “O lastnostih alpinistične književnosti.” Primerjalna književnost, vol. 45, no. 1, 2022, pp. 7–26.
Bohinec, Valter. “O čaščenju gorâ in jezer: geopsihična črtica.” Planinski vestnik, vol. 25, no. 4, 1925, pp. 73–80.
Božič, Zoran. “Pokristjanjevanje pri Prešernu in Bevku: domoljubne prvine in vrednote v Prešernovi pesnitvi Krst pri Savici in Bevkovi povesti Umirajoči bog Triglav.” Pozno pokristjanjevanje slovenskega ozemlja: zbornik prispevkov, edited by Nejc Petrič and Marko Hren, Društvo Slovenski staroverci, 2018, pp. 63–79.
Brückner, Aleksander. Mitologia słowiańska i polska. Poznań, Replika, 2022.
Chevalier, Jean, and Alain Gheerbrant. Slovar simbolov: miti, sanje, liki, običaji, barve, števila. Translated by Stane Ivanc, Mladinska knjiga, 1993.
Dović, Marijan. “Slovenske gore: rojstvo mitskega kraja iz duha poezije.” Obdobja 40: Slovenska poezija, edited by Darja Pavlič, Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete, 2021, pp. 247–257.
Eliade, Mircea. Sacrum, mit, historia: wybór esejów. Edited by Marcin Czerwiński, translated by Anna Tatarkiewicz, Warsaw, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 2017.
Gieysztor, Aleksander. Mitologia Słowian. Warsaw, Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe, 1982.
Gstirner, Adolf. “Der Name Triglav und seine Geschichte.” Fünf Jahrhunderte Triglav, edited by Julius Kugy, Graz, Leykam, 1938, pp. 7–26.
Jezernik, Božidar. “Pogledi na Triglav skozi čas.” Traditiones, vol. 44, no. 1, 2015, pp. 29–58.
Juvan, Marko. Imaginarij Krsta v slovenski literaturi: medbesedilnost recepcije. Rev. ed., Založba ZRC, 2016.
Juvan, Marko. “The Nation between the Epic and the Novel: France Prešeren’s The Baptism on the Savica as a Compromise ‘World Text.’” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature, vol. 42, no. 4, 2015, pp. 382–395.
Juvan, Marko. “Przezwyciężanie romantycznego dziedzictwa? Krst pri Savici jako tekst-klucz literatury słoweńskiej w perspektywie modernistycznej i postmodernistycznej.” Postmodernizm w literaturze i kulturze krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej: materiały z konferencji naukowej, edited by Halina Janaszek-Ivaničková and Douwe Fokkema, Katowice, Śląsk, 1995, pp. 233–244.
Juvančič, Ivo. “Križarska vojska proti Kobaridcem 1331.” Zgodovinski časopis, vol. 38, no. 1–2, 1984, pp. 49–55.
Kos, Janko. Pregled slovenskega slovstva. Državna založba Slovenije, 1992.
Kos, Janko. Valentin Vodnik. Partizanska knjiga, 1990.
Kos, Janko. “Vodnikov Vršac in opisna poezija narave.” Slavistična revija, vol. 21, no. 4, 1973, pp. 389–412.
Kugy, Julius. Pet stoletij Triglava. Translated by Marijan Lipovšek, Obzorja, 1973.
Linhart, Anton Tomaž. Poskus zgodovine Kranjske in ostalih dežel južnih Slovanov Avstrije. Edited by Bogo Grafenauer, translated by Marjeta Šašel Kos et al., Slovenska matica, 1981.
Linker, Tadeusz. Słowiańskie bogi i demony: z rękopisu Bronisława Trentowskiego. Gdańsk, Marpress, 1998.
Lovšin, Evgen, et al. Triglav, gora in simbol. Mladinska knjiga, 1979.
Ławecki, Tomasz, et al. Słowianie. Warsaw, Rzeczpospolita, 2007.
Łowmiański, Henryk. Religia Słowian i jej upadek. Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1979.
Medvešček, Pavel. Iz nevidne strani neba: razkrite skrivnosti staroverstva. Založba ZRC, 2015.
Mencinger, Janez. Moja hoja na Triglav. Obzorja, 1977.
Mihajlov, Nikolaj. Zgodovina slovanske mitologije v XX stoletju. Edited by Monika Kropej Telban and Nejc Petrič, translated by Lijana Dejak et al., Založba ZRC, 2021.
Orožen, Fran. “O Vodnikovem Vršacu.” Planinski vestnik, vol. 5, no. 2, 1899, pp. 24–27.
Otto, Rudolf. Świętość: elementy irracjonalne w pojęciu bóstwa i ich stosunek do elementów racjonalnych. Translated by Bogdan Kupis, Warsaw, Książka i Wiedza, 1968.
Prešeren, France. The Baptism on the Savica. Translated by Henry R. Cooper, Jr. Slovene Studies, vol. 7, no. 1–2, 1985, pp. 63–80.
Prešeren, France. Krst pri Savici. E-book ed., Genija, 2012.
Snoj, Marko. Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen. Modrijan, 2009.
Strzelczyk, Jerzy. Mity, podania i wierzenia dawnych Słowian. Poznań, Rebis, 1998.
Svetina, Anton. “Triglav—simbol starih kranjskih grbov.” Planinski vestnik, vol. 13, no. 8, 1957, pp. 436–440.
Szyjewski, Andrzej. Religia Słowian. Krakow, WAM, 2003.
Šaver, Boštjan. “Kulturna konstrukcija gorskega sveta: religiozni simboli in concept svetega.” Družboslovne razprave, vol. 21, no. 48, 2005, pp. 93–109.
Toplak, Cirila. “Politično-zgodovinski kontekst križarskega pohoda na Kobarid leta 1331.” Pozno pokristjanjevanje slovenskega ozemlja: zbornik prispevkov, edited by Nejc Petrič and Marko Hren, Društvo Slovenski staroverci, 2018, pp. 47–62.
Trdina, Janez. Zgodovina slovenskega naroda. Matica slovenska, 1866.
Trstenjak, Davorin. Triglav, mythologično raziskavanje. 1870.
Urbańczyk, Stanisław. Dawni Słowianie: wiara i kult. Wrocław, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1991.
Valvasor, Janez Vajkard. Slava vojvodine Kranjske. Edited by Bogomil Gerlanc, translated by Mirko Rupel, Mladinska knjiga, 1977.
Vodnik, Valentin. Zbrano delo. Edited by Janko Kos, Državna založba Slovenije, 1988.
Zois, Žiga. “Pisma barona Žige Zoisa Vodniku.” Marko Pohlin, Žiga Zois, A. T. Linhart, Valentin Vodnik: izbrano delo, edited by Janko Kos, Mladinska knjiga, 1973, pp. 15–58.
