Turizem in nepopolne otoške prihodnosti: simulakri in nostalgija v sodobni majorški distopiji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v48.i3.02Ključne besede:
španska književnost, Majorka, turizem, distopija, otoškost, Sredozemlje, simulakrumPovzetek
Članek obravnava prepletenost pojmov insularnosti, turizma in distopije na ozadju petih majorških pripovednih besedil. Izhaja iz hipoteze, da je žanr distopije po zaslugi specifične hipertekstualnosti in temporalnosti distopične pripovedne strukture forma, ki lahko prispeva k ozaveščanju o nevzdržnosti množičnega turizma. Članek analizira peterico romanesknih del spekulativne fikcije, ki so nastala na Majorki, z gledišča distopičnega žanra. Estetska logika simulakra se v teh romanih izkaže za pomembno orodje za ustvarjanje scenarijev turističnega brezdelja. Ko tovrstna prizorišča poustvarjajo embleme prvobitne narave ali pristne kulture, namenjene promociji počitniških destinacij, prezrejo potencial pred-turistične nostalgije, ki bi sicer lahko ponudila izhodišče za zamišljanje alternativne prihodnosti, v kateri množični turizem sedanjega časa ne bi bil neizbežen nasledek.
Literatura
Arnau, Pilar. Narrativa i turisme a Mallorca (1968–1980). Documenta Balear, 1999.
Barthes, Roland. Critical Essays. Translated by Richard Howard, Northwestern University Press, 1972.
Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulation. Translated by Sheila Faria Glaser, University of Michigan Press, 1994.
Gregori, Alfons. “La construcción de la (anti)utopía a través del género y el espacio nacional: Llorenç Villalonga, M. Aurèlia Capmany y M. Antònia Oliver.” Sociocriticism, vol. 27, no. 1–2, 2012, pp. 85–126.
Jameson, Fredric. Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions. Verso, 2005.
Martín, Mariano. “Tourists, Go Home? Un acercamiento comparativo a la ficción utópica de asunto turístico.” Más allá de la frontera: migraciones en las literaturas y culturas hispano-americanas, edited by Carmen Luna Sellés and Rocío Hernández Arias, Peter Lang, 2019, pp. 287–316.
Martínez Tejero, Cristina, and Mercè Picornell. “From Pleasant Difference to Ecological Concern: Cultural Imaginaries of Tourism in Contemporary Spain.” A Companion to Spanish Environmental Cultural Studies, edited by Luis I. Prádanos, Tamesis Books, 2023, pp. 195–205.
McMahon, Elizabeth. “Archipelagic Space and the Uncertain Future of National Literatures.” Journal of the Association for the Study of Australian Literature, vol. 13, no. 2, 2013, pp. 1–20, https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/JASAL/article/view/9860.
Obrador Pons, Pau, et al., editors. Cultures of Mass Tourism: Doing the Mediterranean in the Age of Banal Mobilities. Routledge, 2009.
Pesado, Pablo. “Imaginarios dóciles, ansiedades soberanas: límites políticos de la imaginación distópica.” Novela postcrisis en la España plurilingüe, edited by Christian Claesson, Edizioni Ca’Foscari, 2024, pp. 268–293.
Picornell, Mercè. “The Back Side of the Postcard: Subversion of the Island Tourist Gaze in the Contemporary Mallorcan Imaginary.” Island Studies Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, 2020, pp. 291–314.
Picornell, Mercè. “Insular Identity and Urban Contexts: Representations of the Local in the Construction of an Image of Palma.” Island Studies Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, 2014, pp. 223–238.
Pons, Pere Antoni. Contra el món. Edicions 62, 2023.
Pons Alorda, Jaume. Ciutat de Mal. Angle, 2020.
Roca, Antoni, and Maria I. Deyà. Territori amortitzat 114. Lleonard Muntaner, 2001.
Rosselló, Pere. L’infern de l’illa. Sa Nostra, 2002.
Stock, Adam. “The Future-as-Past in Dystopian Fiction.” Poetics Today, vol. 37, no. 3, 2016, pp. 415–442.
Su, Ping, et al. “Rethinking Utopian and Dystopian Imagination in Island Literature and Culture.” Island Studies Journal, vol. 17, no. 2, 2022, pp. 3–12.
“Tot inclòs: danys i conseqüències del turisme a les nostres illes.” YouTube, uploaded by Tot Inclòs, 25 May 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_u0G4ZtsVs.
Tucker, Hazel, and Eric Shelton. “Apocalypse Without Dystopia: The Production of Post-Earthquake Tourism.” CAUTHE 2013: Tourism and Global Change: On the Edge of Something Big, edited by Joanna Fountain and Kevin Moore, Lincoln University, 2013, pp. 886–888.
Urry, John. The Tourist Gaze. 2nd ed., Sage, 2002.
Valdivielso, Joaquín, and Joan Moranta. “The Social Construction of the Tourism Degrowth Discourse in the Balearic Islands.” Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 27, no. 12, 2019, pp. 1876–1892.
Ventayol Bosch, Sílvia. El malson de Llorenç Villalonga: estudi d’Andrea Víctrix. Edicions UIB / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2015.
Vidal-Pérez, Aina. “La piscina global: el Mediterráneo de Rafael Chirbes desde el spatial turn y la ecocrítica.” 452ºF, no. 21, 2019, pp. 73–91.
Villalonga, Llorenç. Andrea Víctrix. Destino, 1974.
Vives Riera, Antoni, and Francesc Vicens Vidal, editors. Cultura turística i identitats múltiples a les Illes Balears: passat i present. Afers, 2021.
Yeoman, Ian, et al., editors. Science Fiction, Disruption and Tourism. Channel View Publications, 2021.
