Prve »javne« knjižnice v Veliki Britaniji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v44.i2.09Ključne besede:
zgodovina knjižnic, javne knjižnice, Velika Britanija, 16.–19. stol., župnijske knjižnice, knjižnice s članarino, izposojevalne knjižnicePovzetek
Razprava obravnava prve »javne« knjižnice v Veliki Britaniji v zgodnjem novem veku (16.–19. stoletje) pred prvim pojavom pravih javnih knjižnic sredi 19. stoletja. Na podlagi kritičnega pregleda primarnih virov in sekundarne literature je predstavljen razvoj »javnih« knjižnic v zgodnjem novem veku. Avtor pokaže, kakšen je bil dostop javnosti do knjig v različnih tipih knjižnic, kdo je uporabljal te knjižnice in kakšno literaturo so brali v raznovrstnih knjižnicah. V bistvu je šlo za sočasen razvoj in vpliv: ni se najprej razvila dostopna literatura ali javna knjižnica, ampak je bil njun odnos vedno medsebojno pogojen in sorazmeren. Več poljudne literature je vodilo do večjega zanimanja za branje v javnosti in več javnih knjižnic ter obratno. Čeprav so prve prave javne knjižnice stvar sredine 19. stoletja, je zainteresirana pismena javnost tudi v srednjem in zgodnjem novem veku imela dostop do knjižnic in knjig. Problem je bil »interes« večinsko nepismene javnosti pred industrijsko revolucijo, ko tudi zaradi subsistenčne ekonomije ni bilo dovolj časa za »prostočasne« aktivnosti.
Literatura
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James, Thomas. <em>Catalogus librorum bibliothecae publicae</em>. Oxford: Josephus Barnesius, 1605.
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Kirkwood, James. <em>An Overture for Establishing of Bibliothecks in Every Paroch Throughout this Kingdom</em>. Edinburgh: James Kirkwood, 1699.
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<em>Ordonnance de Montpellier 1539: Ampliation sur les ordonnances de la police de la ville de Paris necessaire de sçavoir a tous manans et habitans de ladicte ville. Publie a son de trompes, le septiesme jour de febvrier l’an mil cinq cens trente neuf</em>. Paris: Jacques Nyverd, 1540.
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<em>Report of Her Majesty’s Commissioners</em>. London: House of Commons, 1854–55.
<em>The Athenaeum Journal of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts, for the Year 1849</em>. London: James Holmes, 1849.
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Wood, Anthony. <em>Athenae Oxonienses. An Exact History of All the Writers and Bishops Who have had their Education in the University of Oxford</em>. London: P. C. and J. Bivington et al., 1813.
LITERATURA
Anderson, Benedict. <em>Zamišljene skupnosti. O izvoru in širjenju nacionalizma</em>. Ljubljana: Studia humanitatis, 2007.
Brown-Syed, Christopher. »The Love of Books: The Philobiblon of Richard De Bury«. <em>Library & Archival Security</em> 19 (2004): 76–81.
Carpenter, Michael. »Catalogs and Cataloging«. <em>Encyclopedia of Library History</em>. Ur. Wayne A. Wiegand in Donald G. Davis. New York, NY; London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1994. 107–117.
Casson, Lionel. <em>Libraries in the Ancient World</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.
Chandler, John H., ur. <em>John Leland’s Itinerary. Travels in Tudor England</em>. Stroud: Sutton Publishing Ltd., 1998.
Chartier, Roger, ur. <em>A History of Private Life III. Passions of the Renaissance</em>. Prev. A. Goldhammer. Cambridge, MA; London: Belknap Press, 1989.
Clapinson, Mary. <em>A Brief History of the Bodleian Library</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Condren, Conal. »Public Private and the Idea of the ‘Public Sphere’ in Early-Modern England«. <em>Intellectual History Review</em> 19 (2009): 15–28.
Craster, Edmund H. <em>History of the Bodleian Library</em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952.
Cressy, David. »Levels of Illiteracy in England, 1530–1730«. <em>The Historical Journal</em> 20.1 (1977): 1–23.
Crews, Kenneth D. »Legal Deposit in Four Countries: Laws and Library Services«. <em>American Association of Law Libraries</em> 80 (1988): 551–576.
Cunningham, Hugh. <em>Time, Work and Leisure. Life Changes in England since 1700</em>. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2014.
Eco, Umberto. <em>Ime rože</em>. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga; Delo, 2004.
Eberhart, George. <em>The Librarian’s Book of Lists</em>. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 2010.
Fehrenbach, Robert J. <em>Private Libraries in Renaissance England</em>. Binghamton, NY: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1992.
Fox, Peter, ur. <em>Cambridge University Library. The Great Collections</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Habermas, Jürgen. <em>Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit. Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft</em>. Neuwied; Berlin: Luchterhand, 1962.
Hamby, Paul, in Ira Najowitz. »The Public Libraries Act of 1850: Utilitarian Pragmatism and Idealist Humanitarianism in Action«. <em>Public & Access Services Quarterly</em> 2.4 (1999): 73–88.
Hareven, Tamara K. »Family Time and Historical Time«. <em>Daedalus</em> 106.2 (1977): 57–70.
Hunt, Lynn. <em>Iznajdevanje človekovih pravic. Zgodovina</em>. Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete, 2015.
Irwin, Raymond. <em>Heritage of the English Library</em>. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1964.
Irwin, Raymond. <em>The English Library</em>. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966.
Jayne, Sears. <em>Library Catalogues of the English Renaissance</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1956.
Johnson, Alex. <em>Improbable Libraries. A Visual Journey to the World’s Most Unusual Libraries</em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.
Kaufman, Paul. »The Eighteenth-Century Forerunner of the London Library«. <em>The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America</em> 54 (1960): 89–100.
Kaufman, Paul. »Community Lending Libraries in Eighteenth-Century Ireland and Wales«. <em>The Library Quarterly. Information, Community, Policy</em> 33.4 (1963): 299–312.
Kaufman, Paul. »Reading Vogues at English Cathedral Libraries of the Eighteenth Century«. <em>Bulletin of the N. Y. Public Library</em> 67 (1963): 643–672 (Part I); 68 (1964): 48–64 (Part II).
Kaufman, Paul. »English Book Clubs and Their Role in Social History«. <em>Libri</em> 14 (1964): 1–31.
Kaufman, Paul. »The Community Library: A Chapter in English Social History«. <em>Transactions of the American Philosophical Society</em> 57.7 (1967): 1–62.
Kelly, Thomas. <em>Early Public Libraries. A History of Public Libraries in Great Britain before 1850</em>. London: Library Association, 1966.
Kelly, Thomas. <em>Books for the people. An illustrated history of the British public library</em>. London: Andre Deutsch, 1977.
Lake, Peter, in Steve Pincus. »Rethinking the Public Sphere in Early Modern England«. <em>Journal of British Studies</em> 45.2 (2006): 270–292.
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